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Why Indian agricultural sector has not been able to bring an organic green revolution?
India's agricultural sector has faced challenges in achieving an organic green revolution due to: *Structural Issues:* 1. Fragmented landholdings: Small, fragmented farms hinder economies of scale. 2. Limited irrigation: Insufficient water supply affects crop yields. 3. Inadequate infrastructure: PoRead more
India’s agricultural sector has faced challenges in achieving an organic green revolution due to:
*Structural Issues:*
1. Fragmented landholdings: Small, fragmented farms hinder economies of scale.
2. Limited irrigation: Insufficient water supply affects crop yields.
3. Inadequate infrastructure: Poor storage, transportation, and marketing facilities.
*Policy and Regulatory Constraints:*
1. Inadequate organic farming policies and incentives.
2. Lack of certification and standards.
3. Insufficient funding for organic farming research.
*Technological and Knowledge Gaps:*
1. Limited access to organic farming techniques and best practices.
2. Insufficient extension services.
3. Low adoption of technology.
*Market-Related Challenges:*
1. Limited market demand for organic produce.
2. Higher costs of organic production.
3. Competition from conventional farming.
*Other Factors:*
1. Climate change and weather variability.
2. Soil degradation and water pollution.
3. Limited availability of organic inputs.
To achieve an organic green revolution, India needs:
1. Integrated policy framework.
2. Increased investment in organic farming research.
3. Capacity building and extension services.
4. Market development and promotion.
5. Incentives for farmers.
6. Strong certification and standards.
Examples of successful initiatives:
1. Sikkim’s organic farming mission.
2. Kerala’s organic farming policy.
3. Andhra Pradesh’s zero-budget natural farming.
By addressing these challenges and leveraging successful models, India can promote sustainable agriculture and achieve an organic green revolution.
See lessJustice Delayed
Justice in India is often delayed due to several factors. 1.Corruption in the Indian Judiciary is a significant issue, where corrupt judges may deliberately delay judgments or grant unfair adjournments to favor certain parties . This not only undermines the integrity of the judicial system but alsoRead more
Justice in India is often delayed due to several factors.
1.Corruption in the Indian Judiciary is a significant issue, where corrupt judges may deliberately delay judgments or grant unfair adjournments to favor certain parties . This not only undermines the integrity of the judicial system but also denies justice to those who seek it.
2. Another major factor is the Lack of Manpower. India has a staggering judge-to-population ratio, with only 19 judges per million people, compared to 390 in Slovenia and 107 in the US . This shortage leads to an overwhelming workload, causing delays and inefficiencies.
3.The *Complex Judicial System* also contributes to delays. Cases often drag on for years, with multiple appeals and retrials, making it difficult for victims to receive timely justice . For instance, the Uphaar Cinema tragedy case took 19 years to resolve, highlighting the need for reform.
4.*Lack of Transparency* is another concern, with mysterious judicial processes and unclear appointment procedures for judges . To address these issues, experts recommend implementing measures like Additional Dispute Resolutions (ADRs), simplifying procedures, and increasing the use of technology, such as e-courts, to streamline the judicial process .
See lessHow can India's education system better prepare children with foundational literacy and numeracy skills to combat learning poverty?
To combat learning poverty, India's education system can better prepare children with foundational literacy and numeracy skills by: *Foundational Literacy:* 1. Phonics-based reading instruction 2. Emphasis on reading comprehension 3. Early childhood education focus 4. Mother tongue instruction 5. ReRead more
To combat learning poverty, India’s education system can better prepare children with foundational literacy and numeracy skills by:
*Foundational Literacy:*
1. Phonics-based reading instruction
2. Emphasis on reading comprehension
3. Early childhood education focus
4. Mother tongue instruction
5. Regular assessments and interventions
*Foundational Numeracy:*
1. Conceptual math education
2. Emphasis on problem-solving
3. Early exposure to math concepts
4. Use of manipulatives and visual aids
5. Regular practice and reinforcement
*Systemic Reforms:*
1. Teacher training and support
2. Improved pupil-teacher ratio
3. Inclusive education for disadvantaged groups
4. Technology integration
5. Community engagement and parental involvement
*Assessment and Accountability:*
1. Standardized assessments
2. Data-driven instruction
3. School accountability measures
4. Parent-teacher associations
5. Continuous professional development
*Initiatives:*
1. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
2. Padhe Bharat, Badhe Bharat (PBB) program
3. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
4. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
*Key Partnerships:*
1. Government-NGO collaborations
2. Private sector investments
3. International organizations (e.g., World Bank, UNESCO)
By implementing these strategies, India can improve foundational literacy and numeracy skills, reducing learning poverty and enhancing educational outcomes for its children.
See lessTrace the development of the Swaraj Party in India, outlining its accomplishments and also addressing its shortcomings. (200 words)
The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das, key members of the Indian National Congress, with the goal of attaining self-governance by entering legislative councils and challenging colonial policies from within . This move was a departure from Mahatma Gandhi's Non-CoopRead more
The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das, key members of the Indian National Congress, with the goal of attaining self-governance by entering legislative councils and challenging colonial policies from within . This move was a departure from Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement, which had been suspended after the Chauri Chaura incident. The party’s founders believed in participating in the legislative assembly to disrupt British rule in India.
Key Objectives:
– Quick acquisition of dominion status
– Drafting a constitution incorporating machinery for self-rule
– Taking control of the bureaucracy
– Complete provincial autonomy
– Organizing labor in industrial and agricultural sectors
The Swaraj Party achieved significant success in the 1923 elections, winning numerous seats, and their entry into councils was part of a strategy to gain political leverage . They played a crucial role in highlighting issues like the salt tax, civil rights, and non-cooperation from within the legislative framework.
However, the party faced internal conflicts and external opposition, leading to its decline. Some leaders accepted positions on various committees, and communal tensions rose, damaging the party’s legitimacy . By 1925, the Swaraj Party had merged with the Indian National Congress.
Shortcomings:
– Internal divisions and lack of coordination
– Limitations of obstructionist policy
– Failure to support peasant causes
– Communal tensions and rising Muslim estrangement
Despite its decline, the Swaraj Party’s efforts paved the way for subsequent legislative interventions, influencing future political movements in India’s struggle for independence .
See lessExplain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing, and navigation? (200 words) [UPSC 2015]
Ocean currents are the movement of water in the ocean, driven by various factors. The main factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents are: *Primary Factors:* 1. *Wind*: Wind friction on the ocean surface transfers energy, creating surface currents. 2. *Thermohaline Circulation*: DenRead more
Ocean currents are the movement of water in the ocean, driven by various factors. The main factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents are:
*Primary Factors:*
1. *Wind*: Wind friction on the ocean surface transfers energy, creating surface currents.
2. *Thermohaline Circulation*: Density differences due to temperature and salinity variations drive deep-water currents.
3. *Tides*: Gravitational pull of the moon and sun causes tidal currents.
4. *Earth’s Rotation*: Coriolis force deflects currents, creating large-scale circulation patterns.
*Secondary Factors:*
1. *Ocean Depth*: Topography influences current direction and speed.
2. *Latitude*: Changes in latitude affect wind patterns and ocean currents.
3. *Ocean Salinity*: Variations in salinity impact density and circulation.
4. *Ocean Temperature*: Temperature differences drive circulation and influence climate.
*Influence on Regional Climates:*
1. *Temperature Regulation*: Ocean currents moderate coastal temperatures, influencing regional climate.
2. *Precipitation Patterns*: Currents impact evaporation, precipitation, and weather patterns.
3. *Climate Zones*: Ocean currents help maintain tropical and polar climate zones.
*Influence on Fishing:*
1. *Fish Migration*: Currents affect fish distribution, migration, and spawning.
2. *Fisheries Management*: Understanding currents informs fishing grounds and conservation efforts.
3. *Marine Ecosystems*: Currents support diverse marine life, influencing fisheries productivity.
*Influence on Navigation:*
1. *Shipping Routes*: Ocean currents impact vessel speed, fuel efficiency, and safety.
2. *Navigation Charts*: Accurate current data informs navigation, reducing risks.
3. *Marine Safety*: Understanding currents aids search and rescue operations.
*Regional Examples:*
1. *Gulf Stream*: Warms Western Europe, supporting mild climate.
2. *Kuroshio Current*: Regulates Japan’s climate, supporting fisheries.
3. *California Current*: Impacts West Coast USA climate, fisheries, and navigation.
In conclusion, ocean currents play a vital role in shaping regional climates, fisheries, and navigation. Understanding these factors is crucial for predicting climate patterns, managing marine resources, and ensuring safe maritime operations.
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