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What are different data types in python
1. User Input What It Is: Data entered by the user during the program’s execution. How It Works: Python’s input() function is used to capture user input as a string, which can then be converted to other data types if needed (e.g., integers or floats). Example name = input("Enter your name: ") age =Read more
1. User Input
input()
function is used to capture user input as a string, which can then be converted to other data types if needed (e.g., integers or floats).age = int(input(“Enter your age: “))
2. File Input
open()
,read()
,readline()
, andreadlines()
to read data from files.with open(‘data.txt’, ‘r’) as file:
content = file.read()
3. Command-Line Arguments
sys.argv
list stores these arguments, withsys.argv[0]
being the script name and subsequent elements being the arguments.script_name = sys.argv[0]
argument1 = sys.argv[1]
4. API/Input from External Services
requests
are used to make HTTP requests to external servers, retrieving data typically in JSON or XML formats.import requests
response = requests.get(‘https://api.example.com/data’)
data = response.json()
5. Database Input
sqlite3
,SQLAlchemy
) are used to connect to databases, execute queries, and retrieve data.conn = sqlite3.connect(‘example.db’)
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(‘SELECT * FROM users’)
rows = cursor.fetchall()
6. Sensor/Hardware Input
serial
for serial communication) are used to interface with these devices and retrieve data.ser = serial.Serial(‘COM3’, 9600)
data = ser.readline()
7. Predefined Input
password = “12345”
8. Generated or Computed Input
In our body why amino acids are found in l form ?
: 1. Chirality and Optical Activity: Amino acids (except glycine) are chiral molecules, meaning they have a non-superimposable mirror image. The L- and D-forms are two such mirror images, also known as enantiomers. In the context of biochemistry, L-amino acids are the ones found in proteins, and theRead more
:
1. Chirality and Optical Activity: Amino acids (except glycine) are chiral molecules, meaning they have a non-superimposable mirror image. The L- and D-forms are two such mirror images, also known as enantiomers. In the context of biochemistry, L-amino acids are the ones found in proteins, and they rotate plane-polarized light in a specific direction.
2. Evolutionary Preference: During the early stages of life, a preference for L-amino acids might have emerged due to a random choice or environmental factors. This preference was passed on through evolution, leading to the standardization of L-amino acids in proteins.
3. Protein Synthesis Machinery: The ribosomes, tRNA, and enzymes involved in protein synthesis are specific for L-amino acids. This specificity ensures that proteins are synthesized with the correct structure and function. If D-amino acids were used, it could disrupt the protein synthesis process.
4. Enzymatic Specificity: Enzymes are designed to recognize and bind to specific molecules, and in the case of amino acids, these enzymes are tailored to the L-form. This includes enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, which would not efficiently catalyze reactions with D-amino acids.
5. Functional Importance: The L-form of amino acids contributes to the correct folding and functioning of proteins. Proteins have specific 3D structures that are essential for their activity, and this structure is dependent on the use of L-amino acids. The wrong enantiomer could lead to improper folding and loss of function.
6. Stereospecificity in Receptors: Many biological processes rely on the interaction between proteins and other molecules, such as receptors and ligands. These interactions are stereospecific, meaning they depend on the orientation of the molecules involved. L-amino acids are required for these precise interactions.
7. Cellular Homochirality: Biological systems exhibit homochirality, meaning they use only one chiral form of a molecule. In the case of amino acids, the L-form is the chosen chiral form. This uniformity is crucial for the consistency of biological processes and the proper functioning of proteins across different organisms.
8. Stability and Life Processes: The uniform use of L-amino acids contributes to the overall stability of life processes. Any deviation from this form could lead to the formation of dysfunctional proteins, which might not support life as we know it. The L-form has, therefore, become the standard in nature, ensuring that biological systems operate smoothly.