1. Definition

Non-tax revenue refers to income generated by the government that does not come from taxes.

2. Key Sources

• Fees and Charges: Payments for services like passport issuance and public utilities.
• Fines and Penalties: Money collected from violations, such as traffic fines.
• Profits from Public Enterprises: Earnings from government-owned companies, like Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

These sources contribute significantly to the central government’s revenue, helping fund various public services and initiatives.

1. Introduction to UPSC

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a crucial body in India responsible for recruiting candidates for various civil services.

2. Key Functions of UPSC

• Conducting Examinations: UPSC conducts several competitive exams, such as the Civil Services Examination, which selects candidates for prestigious positions like IAS, IPS, and IFS.
• Recruitment Process: It oversees the entire recruitment process for various central government services and posts, ensuring a merit-based selection.
• Advisory Role: UPSC also provides advice to the government on matters related to personnel management and recruitment policies.

3. Constitutional Provisions for Independence and Impartiality

To ensure that UPSC operates independently and impartially, several constitutional provisions are in place:

• Article 315: Establishes the UPSC and outlines its powers and functions.
• Article 316: Details the appointment of UPSC members and their terms of service, ensuring a structured approach to governance.
• Article 317: Provides a mechanism for the removal of UPSC members, safeguarding against arbitrary dismissal.

These provisions ensure that the UPSC can function without political interference, allowing it to maintain high standards of fairness and integrity in the recruitment process.