The full form of AIRAWAT is Aerial Inspection of Railways using Advanced Technologies.

Four infrastructure requirements for AIRAWAT include:

1. Drone Technology: Advanced drones equipped with high-resolution cameras for aerial surveillance of railway tracks and assets.
2. Data Processing Center: Facilities to analyze and store data collected from aerial inspections, ensuring efficient processing.
3. Communication Systems: Robust communication networks to transmit real-time data and images from drones to control centers.
4. Training Facilities: Programs to train personnel in drone operation, data analysis, and maintenance of inspection equipment.

In humans, several digestive glands are associated with the alimentary canal:

1. Salivary Glands: Produce saliva, containing enzymes like amylase that begin starch digestion.
2. Gastric Glands: Located in the stomach, they secrete gastric juice, including hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, which aid in protein digestion.
3. Pancreas: Produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes like lipase, proteases, and amylase for digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
4. Liver: Produces bile, stored in the gallbladder, essential for fat emulsification and absorption.
5. Intestinal Glands: Secrete intestinal juices containing various enzymes for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.

“Shree Anna” refers to millets, particularly those like foxtail millet, barnyard millet, and finger millet, recognized for their high nutritional value. These grains are considered nutri-cereals due to their rich content of essential nutrients, including proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are gluten-free, making them suitable for individuals with gluten intolerance. Additionally, millets have a low glycemic index, promoting better blood sugar control. Their cultivation is also environmentally sustainable, requiring less water and contributing to biodiversity. Overall, Shree Anna offers health benefits and supports sustainable agricultural practices, making them vital for food security and nutrition.

Principle of MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of organs and tissues. It relies on the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms in water molecules, which are abundant in the body.

Working: When a patient is placed in an MRI scanner, the magnetic field aligns the hydrogen atoms. Radiofrequency pulses excite these atoms, causing them to emit signals. These signals are then captured and transformed into detailed images by a computer.

Safety: MRI is considered safer than X-ray tomography because it does not use ionizing radiation, reducing the risk of cellular damage and cancer.

Nanomaterials are materials with structural components smaller than 100 nanometers, exhibiting unique physical and chemical properties due to their size.

1. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): These cylindrical structures consist of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. They are known for their exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties, making them useful in electronics, nanocomposites, and drug delivery systems.

2. Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, graphene boasts remarkable electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as mechanical strength. Its applications range from flexible electronics to advanced batteries and sensors, revolutionizing material science.