Satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies are pivotal for large-scale crop health monitoring and management. They employ various sensors to collect data on crop conditions.

**Vegetation indices**, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), analyze the reflection of light in the red and near-infrared spectra. High NDVI values indicate healthy vegetation, allowing for the assessment of plant vigor and early detection of stress.

**Thermal imaging** detects plant water stress by measuring emitted thermal radiation. Water-stressed plants are warmer due to reduced transpiration.

**Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging** capture data across multiple wavelengths, providing detailed insights into plant health, nutrient levels, and disease presence. Hyperspectral imaging, with its narrow bands, allows for precise identification of crop conditions and stress factors.

These technologies enable the detection of **diseases and pests** by identifying abnormal reflectance patterns. They also facilitate **precision agriculture**, optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application, thus enhancing crop yields and sustainability.

Overall, satellite imagery and remote sensing offer a comprehensive, real-time overview of crop health, enabling proactive management and ensuring better resource utilization and increased agricultural productivity.