In general child abuse mean violating the children rights which can lead to the child’s damage of child’s physical, mental and emotional state. Child abuse can be of Physical, sexual, mental abuse which lead to children’s damage of safety environment and well- being.

Physical abuse refers to violence on the child , mental abuse refers to damaging the mental well being of the child by verbally insulting them and creating a harmful environment, and sexual abuse refers to behaving sexually inappropriate with the child. These kinds of abuses leads to trauma , depression, anxiety, and may lead children into the wrong path.

Negligence is also a abuse where the parent or caretaker or the guardian of the child neglect to provide the basic needs of the child like essential shelter, food , daily needs and emotional needs. Not creating an environment of safety may lead to the nagative efforts on the child.

Children who face child abuse will not be able to grow as a stable individual, it effects their academics, social life , mental health, it also impacts negatively as they grow into adults.

The abuse can happen through a complete stranger or by the person that the child knows. Parents/ caretakers/ guardians should be educated on this problem so that child abuse can be prevented, therapy/ counciling should be provided to the children who faced the abuse so that might help them to heal . A proper reporting system should be made by the government so the well being of the child won’t be compromised. And strict actions should be taken on the abusers .

Parents/ educational institutions should take more care towards children to prevent child abuse and create a safe environment for the children to grow.

Parents can be emotionally available to their children by making their children believe they are there for them no matter what, by building trust with their children so that their children can depend on them. To build the trust parents need to be patient with their children and should be attentive to their children should listen to them , and should know what the children really want , instead to reacting in their own way to the situation they should hold on and understand what children really want.

Spending more time with children and communicating with them helps them to bond with their parents over time , parents who understands and accepts children and their ideas without judgement can make them connect emotionally with the parents.

Parents who does not overstep boundaries and give children the private space they need can build up the trust between parents and children, and parents who encourage children to express themselves will help build up the confidence and give them the trust to emotionally depend on their parents.

Parents who respond soon as their child needs them will make the child comfortable and make them close to their parents emotionally. Parents who help their children grow in an healthy environment and create safe space for them will make the children realise that their parents are emotionally available for them and can understand them in a better way than others.

There are several factors which are making chicken away from parents. Such as busy work life of parents , parents being away from children as they work under busy work schedules and spending less time with them ,can make children grow away from parents.

Another factor is children striving for individuality and working hard for they goals, it’s not a bad thing but only indulging in the idea of individuality and not involving with family might make grow away from parents.

High pressure in educational achievements and extra curricular activities, parents who pressure their children for achieving exceptional achievements in extra curricular activities & educational achievements can grow apart from parents because of more involving in the training and less time to spend with family and always might make them emotionally apart.

People who follow society trends and spend less time with family just to fit in the society norms might loose communication with family and children can be apart from parents easily.

These are some factors which make children away from parents, but the main factor is parents communicating less with children and not giving them the time and support they needed will cause them distance which can be physically or emotionally.

Federated learning ensures model accuracy in distributed environments by leveraging the collective intelligence of devices while respecting data privacy and local constraints. Here’s how it works: Instead of centralizing data on a single server, federated learning enables training models directly on user devices (e.g., smartphones, IoT devices), where data is generated. Each device computes model updates based on local data while keeping the raw data decentralized and private.

To ensure accuracy:

1.Collaborative Learning: Model updates from multiple devices are aggregated periodically or iteratively, typically by a central server or collaboratively among devices. This aggregation balances out variations in local data distributions and improves overall model accuracy.

2.Differential Privacy: Techniques like differential privacy are employed to add noise or anonymize data during model aggregation, preserving individual privacy while maintaining utility and accuracy of the aggregated model.

3.Adaptive Learning: Algorithms are designed to adapt to heterogeneous data distributions and varying computational capabilities of devices. This adaptability ensures that the federated model remains effective across diverse devices and environments.

4.Iterative Refinement: Models are iteratively refined through multiple rounds of federated learning, where insights from initial rounds inform subsequent training, gradually improving accuracy without compromising data privacy.

By distributing computation and learning directly at the edge (on devices), federated learning optimizes model accuracy while respecting data privacy, making it well-suited for applications in healthcare, IoT, and other sensitive domains where data locality and privacy are paramount concerns.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are two fundamental protocols used in computer networking, each with distinct characteristics suited for different types of applications.

TCP is connection-oriented, ensuring reliable communication by establishing a connection between sender and receiver before data exchange. It guarantees delivery of data packets in sequence, performs error-checking, and retransmits lost packets, making it ideal for applications where data integrity and order are critical, such as web browsing, email, and file transfer.

UDP, in contrast, is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable delivery or order of packets. It offers lower overhead and faster transmission since it lacks error-checking and retransmission mechanisms. UDP is preferred for applications where speed and efficiency are prioritized over reliability, such as streaming media, online gaming, and real-time communication.

Key differences include TCP’s reliability through error detection, flow control, and retransmission, whereas UDP offers simplicity, low latency, and is suitable for time-sensitive applications. TCP ensures data arrives intact and in order but may have higher latency, whereas UDP sacrifices reliability for speed and efficiency. Choosing between TCP and UDP depends on the specific requirements of the application in terms of reliability, speed, and overhead.