What Does Article 311 of the Indian Constitution Say?

Introduction

Article 311 of the Indian Constitution protects the rights of public servants against dismissal without proper procedure.

Key Points

• Protection for Civil Servants: Article 311 ensures that a civil servant cannot be dismissed, removed, or reduced in rank without a proper inquiry.
• Inquiry Requirement: Before any punishment, there must be an inquiry, except in cases of emergency or when the person is proven guilty without an inquiry.

Illustrations

• Public Servant Dismissal: A government employee cannot be fired arbitrarily; they must first face an inquiry process.
• Exceptions: If a civil servant is found guilty of a serious offense and the inquiry isn’t possible, the government can still take action.

Conclusion

Article 311 safeguards civil servants from unfair treatment, ensuring due process in any disciplinary action.

Who is Known as ‘Watchdog’ in India?

The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is called the “watchdog” of public finance.

Role of the CAG

• Audit of Government Accounts: The CAG audits government finances to ensure public funds are used properly.
  • Example: Auditing government spending on welfare schemes to check if funds are utilized effectively.
• Ensuring Accountability: The CAG helps ensure transparency in the use of taxpayer money and reports any mismanagement or irregularities.
• Reports to Parliament: The CAG submits audit reports to Parliament, which hold the government accountable for public spending.

By performing these duties, the CAG plays a crucial role in safeguarding public finance in India.

Indian Book on Corruption

The Arthashastra, written by Kautilya (Chanakya), refers to various forms of corruption in governance and administration.

Corruption in Arthashastra

• Bribery: Kautilya discusses how bribery can corrupt officials, leading to misuse of power.
• Nepotism: The book warns against favoritism and appointing unqualified individuals based on personal connections rather than merit.
• Exploitation: Arthashastra also highlights exploitation of the public by rulers and officials for personal gain.

Kautilya’s Arthashastra outlines the importance of ethics in governance and offers solutions to curb corruption.

Achieving Higher Values in Governance

Higher values in governance can be achieved by promoting transparency, accountability, and ethical behavior in all levels of administration.

Key Measures to Achieve Ethical Governance

• Codifying Ethical Standards: Implementing a clear Code of Ethics ensures that ethical values are consistently followed. For example, clear guidelines for public officials help prevent misconduct.
• Eliminating Political Interference: Reducing political influence in administration promotes fair decision-making. For instance, an impartial civil service that operates without political pressure helps ensure fairness.
• Strengthening Accountability: Setting up independent bodies to investigate corruption and unethical practices helps hold officials accountable. An anti-corruption commission can address complaints and ensure justice.
• Promoting Citizen Participation: Encouraging public involvement in governance fosters transparency and trust. When citizens are informed and engaged, they can hold leaders accountable.

By implementing these measures, governance can align with higher ethical values, ensuring fairness, trust, and accountability in public administration.