During World War II, Britain’s primary objective was to secure India’s full support against the Axis powers. The Cripps Mission of 1942 was sent to India with the aim of gaining this support by promising Dominion status after the war and the creation of a constituent assembly to frame a new constitution. However, the offer was perceived as insufficient, lacking immediate self-governance, which was a key demand of Indian leaders.

The failure of the Cripps Mission can be attributed to several factors. The proposal appeared vague and was seen as a tactic to maintain British control rather than a genuine step towards independence. Congress, under Gandhi and Nehru, rejected it, demanding immediate and effective power transfer. Additionally, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, opposed the plan as it didn’t adequately address their demand for a separate Pakistan. The British reluctance to offer real power during wartime further eroded trust.

The Cripps Mission’s failure led directly to the Quit India Movement in August 1942. Frustration with British intransigence spurred a nationwide demand for immediate independence. This mass civil disobedience movement marked a significant escalation in the struggle for freedom, bringing India closer to independence in 1947.