Air pollution is the contamination of atmospheric air by chemical, physical, or natural agents, making it unsuitable and harmful for breathing. Primary pollutants like carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides, aerosols, and fine particulates have serious effects on both the environment and human health.

Observed Climate Changes:

•  Global Warming by gases like CFCs and Methane.
• High global temperature causing rise in sea levels and coastal flooding by rapid melting of polar ice caps.
• Severe droughts and torrential rains.

Impact on Human Health:

Exposure to –

• UV radiation (due to the depletion of the ozone layer) weakens the immune system, causes sunburn and even cancer.
• Air pollutants can cause chronic diseases like lung cancer and asthma.
• Air containing even 0.001% of carbon monoxide can cause drowsiness, collapse, coma, or even death.
• Volatile Compounds like Benzene can cause mutations in foetus and other reproductive problems.

Impact on Environment:

Gaseous air pollutants can cause damage to –

• Leaves of crop plants and flower buds (by acid rain).
• Nutrient content and growth potential of plants.
• Phytoplankton and zooplankton (by UV radiation).

The Indian Government, observing the alarming effects of air pollution, has implemented certain measures such as the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act and Central Motor Act to mitigate the effects of air pollution. However, more such preventive measures are needed to address the emerging concerns.