The Indian philosophy is vast encompassing six primary systems of metaphysics called the “Darshanas “ Despite the divisions, they are majorly divided into two, the orthodox astika and the heterodox nastika depending on their stand with the Vedas.

1. Nyaya: It aims at logic and epistemology with an understanding of the analytical approach. It identifies four means of knowledge: classification, reasoning, analogy and witness.
2. Vaisheshika: It concerns itself with meta-physics and puts forward an atomic hypothesis to the effect that everything in the universe is made of atoms. It divides reality into six parts that include substance, quality, action and the like.
3. Samkhya: Hinduisms are diametric, based on the concept of Purusha consciousness, and Prakriti, which is matter. It describes a precise list of twenty-five tattvas or principles that constitute reality.
4. Yoga: It is linked with Samkhya and lays stress on the utilisation of techniques for the liberation of the soul. It is widely recognized via Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras in ascribing to the eight limbs of yoga or Ashtanga Yoga.
5. Purva Mimamsa: It deals primarily with rites and the interpretation of the Vedas, which support the performance of duties through Vedic rituals as a way to acquire spiritual merit.
6. Vedanta: This looks into the aspect of reality and the self, with important literature like the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita being discussed. Its sub-schools are Advaita (non-dualism), Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism), and Dvaita (dualism) which provide different perceptions towards the individual soul-Atman and ultimate reality-Brahman.