Literary characters’ journeys of self-discovery often mirror psychological theories of identity formation, particularly in individuals with mental disorders. Both realms explore the complexities of self-awareness, growth, and transformation.

In literature, characters undergo trials and introspective journeys that lead to greater self-understanding. For example, in “The Catcher in the Rye,” Holden Caulfield’s erratic behavior and existential musings reflect his struggle with identity and mental health issues. Similarly, in “Jane Eyre,” Jane’s evolution from a rebellious orphan to a self-assured woman illustrates her quest for identity amidst societal constraints and personal trauma.

These literary journeys parallel psychological theories, such as Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, where identity formation is crucial, particularly during adolescence. Individuals with mental disorders often experience disruptions in this process, facing intensified struggles with identity, self-concept, and societal roles. For instance, those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently grapple with unstable self-image and intense emotional experiences, akin to the turbulent journeys of literary characters like Esther Greenwood in “The Bell Jar.”

Moreover, Carl Rogers’ theory of self-concept emphasizes the importance of self-acceptance and congruence between the ideal self and the actual self. Literary characters, through their narratives, often strive for this congruence, paralleling the therapeutic goals in treating mental disorders, where achieving a coherent and positive self-identity is crucial for mental well-being.

In essence, both literary and psychological realms underscore the universal quest for identity, revealing how personal challenges and societal influences shape one’s journey toward self-discovery.