Encapsulation and abstraction are two fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming, but they serve different purposes and are implemented differently. Here’s a comparison of the two:

Encapsulation

1. Definition: Encapsulation is the bundling of data (variables) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit or class. It restricts direct access to some of an object’s components, which can prevent the accidental modification of data.
2. Purpose: The main purpose of encapsulation is to protect the internal state of an object and hide its implementation details. It helps in maintaining the integrity of the data by providing a controlled interface.
3. Implementation: Encapsulation is implemented using access modifiers (such as private, protected, and public in languages like Java and C++). For example:
   java
   public class Car {
   private String color;

   public String getColor() {
   return color;
   }

   public void setColor(String color) {
   this.color = color;