Artificial intelligence, or AI, involves using computers to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as taking decisions or recognizing text, speech or visual images.

While it has some misuse also which causes several serious loss :-

Deepfakes: AI-powered algorithms that manipulate appearances and voices of people into real-looking footage.

As deepfakes are created through AI, they don’t require the considerable skill that it would take to create a realistic video otherwise, which implies that just about anyone could create a deepfake to promote their chosen agenda.

Cyber crime: AI can be exploited to mount automated hacking attacks, commit financial frauds, cut through a nation’s security framework, can even facilitate terrorism and radicalisation.

Invasion of privacy and social grading: governments can use the data to govern through AI, people’s social media habits, introduce policies to police people with the help of Face IDs, like it’s done in countries such as China.

Existential risk from artificial intelligence is the hypothesis that substantial progress in artificial intelligence could someday result in human extinction or some other unrecoverable global catastrophe because of its “super intelligent” powers that could become difficult to control in future.

Social manipulation: Cambridge Analytica and others associated with the firm who used the data from 50 million Facebook users to try to sway the outcome of the 2016 U.S. presidential election and the U.K.’s Brexit referendum, illustrate AI’s power for social manipulation.

Ocean currents are caused by various forces acting on seawater.

Pressure Gradient: These forces result from differences in water density due to temperature and salinity changes.

The Coriolis Effect:

– It is caused by Earth’s rotation and also plays a significant role in determining the direction of ocean currents. It causes moving objects to appear deflected in a particular direction, resulting in clockwise currents in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise currents in the Southern Hemisphere.

Geostrophic Currents:

– In most of the ocean away from the boundary layers, frictional forces have less impact. The equation of motion for horizontal forces is a simple balance between the horizontal pressure gradient and the Coriolis force. This balance is called geostrophic balance.

– On a non-rotating Earth, water would flow from high to low pressure due to a horizontal pressure gradient.

Frictional Forces: When water moves through the oceans, it encounters friction, which slows it down. Imagine a faster-moving layer of water dragging along a slower-moving layer, causing a transfer of momentum between them. This is called frictional forces.

The movement of water is affected by turbulence, transferring energy to smaller scales until it dissipates heat. Wind blowing over the sea surface also transfers momentum, creating wind-driven circulation. Ocean currents along the ocean floor and sides are also influenced by friction with the motionless ocean floor removing momentum from the water circulation.