Despite progress in gender equality women remain underrepresented in top leadership positions and contribute less to GDP due to many reasons like historical bias and stereotypes,caregiving responsibilities, women are often expected to take on more family and children’s duties,which limits their availability for leadership roles that demand long hours and extensive travel.Lack of role model and mentoring also hinders the advancement of women,affecting their confidence and career ambitions. Organizational culture and networking is also and reason ,they continuously remain underrepresented in top leadership positions. Male dominated networks,making it harder for women to gain access to opportunities. Some workplaces have cultures that are not bias free and supportive of women in leadership roles which discourages their advancement and hampers their confidence.

Discrimination between men and women and implicit prejudice often supports men in leadership positions,while women faces many challenges because of the reasons like their parental responsibilities and career gaps.Male dominated industries and organizational environment that are not bias free also hampers the women’s development.

The difference in mens and women contribution to GDP comes from several factors .women often participate less in the workplace due to societal norms and caregiving responsibilities. The gender pay gap means women earn less than men for the same work ,and many women work part time which reduces their total earnings. In some areas women have less access to education and job training ,limiting their economic opportunities. Fewer women works in high paying jobs,and workplace environment and legal barriers also hold them .

To close this discrimination, we need to promote gender equality at work,ensure equal pay,and provide equal educational and economic opportunities for women.