1. The problem of air pollution caused by crop residue and stubble burning in North India demands a multi-pronged approach. Here’s why:
2.  * Economic incentives: Farmers need viable alternatives to burning. Subsidies for machinery like happy seeders (which can sow the next crop without burning residue) and support for in-situ management techniques (like composting and mulching) are crucial.
3.  * Scientific innovation: Research on efficient and cost-effective technologies for residue utilization (like biofuel production) is vital to make them economically attractive for farmers.
4.  * Awareness and education: Farmers need to be educated about the harmful effects of burning and the benefits of sustainable alternatives. Community-based programs can play a key role in knowledge dissemination.
5.  * Stricter regulations: Implementing and enforcing laws against stubble burning is necessary, along with penalties for violators.
6.  * Collaboration: Effective coordination between government agencies, research institutions, NGOs, and farmers is essential for successful implementation of solutions.

By addressing these aspects holistically, we can mitigate the environmental and health impacts of stubble burning while ensuring the economic well-being of farmers