Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.
Give the main recommendations of the 14 Finance Commission. [Answer Limit: 125 words] [UKPSC 2016]
A power play-the 14th Finance Commission of India, constituted in 2013 and submitting a report in 2015-drove home several significant proposals for consolidation in the fiscal framework of India. The Finance Commission is constituted by the President under article 280 of the Constitution, mainly toRead more
A power play-the 14th Finance Commission of India, constituted in 2013 and submitting a report in 2015-drove home several significant proposals for consolidation in the fiscal framework of India. The Finance Commission is constituted by the President under article 280 of the Constitution, mainly to give its
recommendations on distribution of tax revenues between the
Union and the States and amongst the States themselves. Here are some of its primary proposals:
1. Funds Devolution: Increase share of states in the divisible pool of taxes from 32% to 42%.
2. Grant with Performance-Based Elements: Provide for performance-based grants to the states, challenging the states to perform better in their fiscal management and governance.
3. Revenue Deficit Grants: For some of the states that have more serious fiscal issues, suggest revenue deficit grants.
4. Fiscal Responsibility by States: Inculcate fiscal discipline among the states, and request them to follow the frameworks on fiscal responsibility.
5. Funding for Local Bodies: Strengthen funding to the local bodies and promote the cause of the 73rd and the 74th Amendments that advocate decentralization.
6. Health Grants Increase: Advise to raise the health and the education departments with the own financial resources for the underdeveloped states.
7. Supporting States in Managing Disasters: Establish an approach for assisting the states in case of disaster management and relief work.
8. Simplify the Tax Structure: Promote cut or reduction of the current complicated tax measures towards improving on the level of compliance while discouraging evasion and avoidance.
9. Building Tax Base: State Governments should be guided on best practices of extending the tax base through up gradation of land records and revenues.
10. Public Expenditure: It is important to recommend ways through which efficiency of expenditure can be enhanced to provide for a better result.
11. Centre Support for Programs: This may imply that some Centre programs may still need support of the Centre.
12. Incentives for Skill Development: Reward States in terms of financial spends on capacity building and vocational education.
13. Focus on Backward Areas: The concentration should continue to be on giving special input to regions that are economically downtrodden and/or not well served within the country.
14. Review of Fiscal Transfers: Consider the review of supplementary grants with regard to the premise that fiscal transfers should reflect the changes in new economic realities as well as requirements of states.
See lessA person loses 12.5% of his money and spends 60% of the remaining money. The part of his total money, now left with him, if he deposits this left over money in a bank for 2 years at 8% annual simple rate of interest, he gets 2,030 after 2 years. What was the total initial money with the person? [Answer Limit: 125 words, Marks: 08] [UKPSC-2016]
Assume that we have 100 rupees loss 12.5% money, means 100*12.5%= 12.5 rupees remaining amount 100- 12.5 = 87.5 rupees spend 60% amount of remaining money -> 87.5*60% = 52.5 rupees leftover money 87.5 - 52.5 = 35 rupees Invest the money, then we have formula to calculate interest P * R * T /100 =Read more
Assume that we have 100 rupees
loss 12.5% money, means 100*12.5%= 12.5 rupees
remaining amount 100- 12.5 = 87.5 rupees
spend 60% amount of remaining money -> 87.5*60% = 52.5 rupees
leftover money 87.5 – 52.5 = 35 rupees
Invest the money, then we have formula to calculate interest
P * R * T /100 = interest amount
P= 35
R = 8%
T = 2 years
35 * 8 * 2/ 100 = 5.6 rupees
means, Principal amount + Interest amount = 2,030 rupees
35 + 5.6 = 2,030
40.6 = 2,030
Original amount = 2,030/ 40.6 * 100= 5000 rupees
See lessWhat is the difference between Money Bill and Finance Bill? [Answer Limit: 20 words] [UKPSC 2023]
The Finance Bill forms a part of the Union Budget, which means it contains all the details regarding budgetary allocations by the central government. This bill deals with matters like tax relief, inflation and interest rate, etc. The money bills which are called “Acts for raising Revenue”. This biRead more
The Finance Bill forms a part of the Union Budget, which means it contains all the details regarding budgetary allocations by the central government. This bill deals with matters like tax relief, inflation and interest rate, etc.
The money bills which are called “Acts for raising Revenue”. This bill contains many sections that allow the raising of taxes by the Government and also authorizes borrowing of money by issuing securities.
See lessExamine the government's initiatives to promote financial inclusion in India, such as the Jan Dhan Yojana, the expansion of Aadhaar-enabled banking, and the use of digital platforms, and evaluate their impact on expanding access to financial services, particularly in rural and underserved areas.
Financial inclusion refers to a process for ensuring access to timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable sections such as the weaker sections and the low income groups at an affordable cost through appropriate delivery channels for potentially vast sections of commercial banks' clienteleRead more
Financial inclusion refers to a process for ensuring access to timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable sections such as the weaker sections and the low income groups at an affordable cost through appropriate delivery channels for potentially vast sections of commercial banks’ clientele.
Financial inclusion can be described as the provision of affordable financial services, viz saving, credit, insurance services, access to payments and remittance facilities by the formal financial systems to those who are excluded.
In a country like India where rural areas are more than Urban areas there financial inclusion becomes an important constituent of the development process. It has been a combined effort of successive governments, regulatory institutions, and civil society since India’s independence that has increased the financial-inclusion net in the country.
Financial Inclusion Initiatives
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):
Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) and General Credit Cards (GCC) Issued:
Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile (JAM) Trinity:
These include Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Stand-Up India Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, and Atal Pension Yojana.
Expansion of financial services in Rural and Semi-Urban Areas:
Promotion of Digital Payments:
Enhancing Financial Literacy:
The Objective of the project is to create awareness about the Central Bank and other general banking terms to different target groups such as school college going children women of the low income group rural and urban poor, Defence personnel and senior citizens.
Conclusion:
Rural populations are becoming more aware and understanding of financial products. Now many Individuals have been able to invest in businesses, education, and health with greater access to credit and financial services. We can say that Historically financial inclusion great influence rural area. They have gained better access to financial services, fostering economic participation and reducing inequality.
See lessWhat do you understand by Ethical Governance? Elucidate with example. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]
Ethical governance means that the process of governance and decision-making is based on moral principles such as truth, justice, accountability, caring, and respect. It means leaders decide on certain policies and make decisions which will benefit the entire society differently benefiting all of theRead more
Ethical governance means that the process of governance and decision-making is based on moral principles such as truth, justice, accountability, caring, and respect. It means leaders decide on certain policies and make decisions which will benefit the entire society differently benefiting all of them. An ethically-governed institution looks at what is possible to do legally as well as what it is right to do.
An example would be the government passing legislation that is intended to protect consumers in dealing with the banking sector over issues to do with usurious credit. That maybe so legally provided the various banking laws but they are surely unethical in that they take advantage of those consumers who have little or no financial literacy to land them into terrible debts they cannot repay on loans they never fully understood. Ethical governance would force the politicians to close such loopholes and curb the procedures which would be detrimental to the poor and middle-class citizens by taking away their money in the name of a bank’s profit. The policies of corporate interests are to be subdued before the people’s values in terms of their moral good and requirement. This can be termed as the moral responsibility and concern for justice within society by the government.
See lessHow can artificial intelligence be used to address climate change, specifically in terms of developing sustainable energy solutions and predicting natural disasters?
Artificial intelligence or sometimes is one of the most effective and efficient techniques that can make predictions, recommendations or decisions regarding, the physical or computer simulated world alike. That is why suggested its potential in confronting climate change is still high, as it helps tRead more
Artificial intelligence or sometimes is one of the most effective and efficient techniques that can make predictions, recommendations or decisions regarding, the physical or computer simulated world alike. That is why suggested its potential in confronting climate change is still high, as it helps transitions to sustainable energy structures.
Research to define the Role of AI in Climate Action
AI can support various aspects of climate action, including:
1. Integrating Renewable Energy: AI improves the way renewable energy including solar and wind that are integrated into existing power grid systems.
2. Predictive Analytics: This discipline critically applies in climate change simulation, emission minimization, disasters management and environmental management.
3. Applications include:
The next topic is the making of forecasts of solar power production.
A specific implementation area is concerned with the optimisation of building heating and cooling systems.
> Deforestation recognition by satellite images
– Screening firms’ reports for climate related data
Agriculture in India
In India use of AI has significantly raised Groundnut output per hectare by 30 percent through the giving of recommendations on matters concerning land preparation, application of fertilizers and sowing time.
Energy Management in Norway
Today Norway has also implemented autonomy and flexibility to electric grids, meaning better incorporation of renewable energy sources making usage of AI.
Weather Forecasting
AI is able to achieve between 89% to 99% detection in the phenomena such as tropical cyclones and atmospheric rivers, using the improved weather forecasting to increase safety.
GLOBAL COOPERATION AND PARTNERSHIP
It is useful to note that the relatively new formation of the UN-led AI Advisory Body exhibits the current global uptake in engendering the use of machine learning to address shared difficulties. With rising virtually across all sectors, governments, businesses, and civil society are now forming and strengthening partnerships in order to fully unlock the value of AI for the common good and in line with such global frameworks as the 2030 Agenda and its Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Disaster Preparedness
AI-led activities target vulnerable sectors and flow into local and national response plans. For example, mapping tools can be used to organize sustainable development measures in areas prone to landslides, which ensures that human lives are safe.
Conclusion:
AI is increasingly being partnered with robotics to fundamentally transform the way that predictions are made and action can be taken to mitigate possible disasters through the improvement of weather forecasts. Organizations, for example, the WMO, use AI in programs aimed at reducing risks and multi-hazard early warning systems to better service communities. Synergies between AI and climate action are thus promising paths to a more sustainable and resilient future.
Improved Climate Modeling
See lessIn climate change, AI helps in simulating and interpreting change to suggest efficient ways in which communities and authorities can adapt to or, slow down the process.
AI
Thanks
Thanks
See lessThrow light on Jungle Satyagraha
Jungle Satyagarha In 1930, however, it was a different story altogether, as another spirited movement was being marshaled in Seoni under the leadership of Durga Shankar Mehta, who would come to be known as the Jungle Satyagraha. This time it would be mobilizing Congress workers and tribal villages tRead more
Jungle Satyagarha
In 1930, however, it was a different story altogether, as another spirited movement was being marshaled in Seoni under the leadership of Durga Shankar Mehta, who would come to be known as the Jungle Satyagraha. This time it would be mobilizing Congress workers and tribal villages to challenge Britain’s colonial regime, which had imposed severe restrictions on the access to and use of the forests. On October 9, 1930, they set their sights on invading the Turia jungles and cutting grass from a government sandalwood garden to assert their defiance of restrictive rules.
The Jungle Satyagraha responded to the Forest Act, which levied grazing fees and auctioned grass in reserved forest areas, which caused local peasants considerable discontent since these resources were utilized as grazing grounds for livestock. Apart from extracting taxes for the use of pasture and wood, British policies undermined the traditional rights of tribal communities to their forest resources.
The term “Jungle Satyagraha” was used to refer to the non-violent campaign targeted towards protecting India’s forests from the exploits of the colonial rule. The tribal people and their supporters resisted the arbitrary policies by demanding their rights in the land and their rights.
See lessWrite an Article on Hindu Code Bill.
The Hindu Code Bill – An attempt to Re-Form Hindu Personal Laws Introduction The Hindu Code Bill was produced and presented to the Indian Parliament in 1948 especially for the purpose of reforming and putting into code the Hindu personal laws. Hindu laws of succession, marriage and divorce etc wereRead more
The Hindu Code Bill – An attempt to Re-Form Hindu Personal Laws
Introduction
The Hindu Code Bill was produced and presented to the Indian Parliament in 1948 especially for the purpose of reforming and putting into code the Hindu personal laws. Hindu laws of succession, marriage and divorce etc were codified, as has been mentioned, from texts and traditional practices and were considered uncongenial to women and feudal. This it did seeking to alter these laws to offer additional equality and rights particularly to Hindu women.
Key Provisions of the Bill
Some of the major provisions of the Hindu Code Bill were:
/eliminating polygamy and bringing monogamy in between Hindus
This given option indicates that one can get a divorce only in specific instances.
Forbidding discrimination between sons and daughters when it came to distribution of joint family property which allowed sons equal rights but denied the same to daughters
Stripping the status of legal invalids from the children born out of wedlock
coming up with a policy that states that girls should be above 16 years and boy should be above 18 years to get a marriage approval
The marriage, succession, adoption, maintenance and guardianship were covered through several chapters and provisions of the bill. It attempted to lay the policies of parallelism in gender within these personal law issues.
Opposition and Controversies
The bill emerged to strong reactions from the conservative political leaders alongside Hindu right organizations who felt that bill was counter to Hindu scriptures, law, and practices. Despite attempts at attempts at trying to link the bill with pseudo-science and scientific irrationality, there other critics of the bill being described it as radical and anti-Hindu. This make many groups or communities to engage in heated debates and controversies.
There were also concerns that touched on the rights of this lower castes in relation to inheritance. Some issues of divorce as well as the rights of inheritance were also against. This put pressure to amend the bill which has had many changes made to it.
Final Passage and Amendments
The bill was split into four distinctive bills from which were passed between 1955-56. These were the:
– Hindu Marriage Act
– Hindu Succession Act
and Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act
The Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act
All of these bills contained some of the proposals contained in the original Hindu Code Bill. While these act did not lead to the extent of codification that was first expected of it, it did usher new reforms in Hindu personal laws particularly in the areas of marriage, inheritance and adoption. There have also have been changes through additions made to the law in later years.
Conclusion
Though the Hindu Code bill met a number of controversies and opposition that led to its bifurcation and emasculation resulting in several benches of laws enacted by it triggered important legal and social changes concerning spousal rights of Hindu women and their successions. They introduced elements of legal parity to the legal arena of Hindu personal law.
The approach here is to highlight the technical aspects – provisions, passage or amendments etc, but occasionally you will see some context/impact described in non partisan language. If I missed something or you’d like to add another of any of these areas, then now would be a good time.
See lessWhat is meant by Siddha Sahitya Tradition?
Siddha literary tradition is understood as the written in the local language literature to propagate the principles of Vajrayana Buddhism. The Vajrayana Siddhas who wrote the Siddha literature were mostly engaged in the eastern region of India. It is still as a matter of history that Siddha literatuRead more
Siddha literary tradition is understood as the written in the local language literature to propagate the principles of Vajrayana Buddhism.
See lessThe Vajrayana Siddhas who wrote the Siddha literature were mostly engaged in the eastern region of India. It is still as a matter of history that Siddha literature developed between Eighth and Thirteenth Centuries only. It used criticism of caste system and external forms of worship. Thai and Siddha literature was mainly focused on the exaltation of the human body and the natural method of spiritual practice known as Sahaja sadhana. It composed different poetic types and kinds of using doha, chaupai, soratha, arilla, rola , and some others.