PBD is an annual event that occurs on the ninth day of January to commemorate the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa. It has also been a visible expression towards considering and recognizing the Indians living abroad and strengthening ties with India. The PBD event enables the government of India to communicate policies and programs to people. It is a forum to discuss issues related to immigration, investment, and culture.

1. Reconnection to the Diaspora: PBD has improved India’s connection with its diaspora on cultural grounds. It has scope for some meaningful interaction between the members of diaspora and the Indian leaders for the discussion of ideas and business or developmental prospects.

2. New Vistas:
It creates innovative and technological cooperation, especially in the diaspora innovators who base their innovations on technoparks like Silicon Valley. The diasporas in the Indian PBD event further promote India as a destination for global health, its capability to participate in best-practice and knowledge exchanges through the members of the diaspora.

3. Change attitude, generate ideas
PBD brings cultural exchange through soft power, so as to further enhancing the bilateral ties. PBD also empirically motivates diaspora women to become the agents of change aimed at leading inclusive growth as illustrated by many women such as Dr. Poonam Gupta.

4. Challenges
PBD confronts several issues like: engendering youths who find themselves having less-or-no direct-life interest in going back to India. Again, disparity in capital contribution among the diaspora members influences the investment levels. However, there are specific programmes like the Know India Programme and Global Initiative for Academic Network –GIAN are there with the main objective of enhancing cooperation.

Conclusion:
Altogether, PBD recreates the Diaspora, creates and connects for India’s progress. The constant interaction increases the input that the diaspora makes towards the development of India.

The sector one of the major ones that affects the Indian economy in one form or the other besides the different parts of the sector. And this answer gives a brief indication of the effect of tourism on infrastructural and Arts and Craft businesses, and the effect of tourism on growth.

Tourism in India: An Overview
The tourism industry in India has developed significantly in recent decades and continues to expand at a very fast pace and becomes one of the most significant and developing sectors of India’s economy. The expenditure in tourist in in 2019 was ₹5.57 trillion or 3.5% of the GDP of the country in 2019. In the years to come, it is going to become ₹32.05 trillion, meaning it is among the biggest sectors in terms of future economic growth. Additionally, tourism is one of the largest employers: around 42 million people are involved in the industry, which underlines that the sector provides a basic livelihood for a large percentage of the population in the country.

Infrastructure Impact
Tourism is an infrastructural development trigger in India, which has brought a lot of improvements in many areas:

1. Transportation: Tourism has made the government spend a lot on the development of transport infrastructure. ₹1 trillion has been sanctioned for upgradation of roads, airports, and railways, thereby increasing connectivity and accessibility to the tourist destinations. This in turn will make movement more convenient for the tourist while at the same time enabling the local people get access to markets as well as services.

2. Food and Beverages Hotels sector is growing with the development of travelling and tourism industry and overall the hotel industry is India is expecting to touch $30 billion by 2025 new and better hotels and resorts are being opened for domestic as well as international tourists. This boom has also led to jobs in the hospitality and allied fields.

3. Public Amenities: Tourist influx led to upgradation of the public amenities, sanitation health services, and other infrastructure of the urban body. In India, Swachh Bharat Mission has a direct link with this tourism development. Sanitation and hygiene facilities are up-graded and shall ameliorate the tourist’s experience and standard of life of the local people.

Impact on Arts and Crafts
The Indian arts and crafts sector is highly impacted by tourism, which creates both cultural and financial opportunities.

1. Intangible Heritage Preservation: The more tourists, the greater will be the preservation of art forms and crafts as seen in cultural activities and artistic performances. It gives greater importance to traditional handicrafts that provide more economic benefits than ever. India’s Craft Council finds revitalization of crafts based on this very need and encourages the tradition being handed from generation to generation.

2. Economic Opportunities: It offers direct economic support to local artisans because tourists form the new market base of these artisans. For instance, more than 7 million artisans in India directly receive economic support for being engaged in the sector. In turn, local community members can sustain living within communities.

3. Cultural Show: Festivals and Fairs, which are considered a tourist attraction, popularize local arts and craft also. Surajkund Mela, though focused on traditional crafts of music and dance, extends the local economy to large extents through visitor attractions besides motivating them to spend considerable time with local artisans too. The events provide exposure to the artisans and strengthen cultural exchange.

Challenges and Sustainable Practices
Although the positive impacts of tourism are more than the negative, problems associated with rapid tourism growth persist. Unless tourism grows sustainably, cultural commodification and degradation in the environment may occur. High tourist traffic may exert additional stress on local infrastructure, thus causing harm to both cultural and natural landscapes and resources. Therefore, for healthy economic growth, with appropriate environmental conservation and upholding of culture, tourism development must be sustainable.

Conclusion
Tourism impacts on infrastructure and the arts and crafts sector in India: it assists in the creation of economy and in the conservation of culture. The growth in the sector has made transport, accommodation and public facilities more accessible alongside providing important economic income generating opportunities for artisans and related communities. While growth has to be achieved, it has to come hand in hand with sustainability so as to minimize negative effects that may beforce and man; be upon tourism, so that it can benefit the economy of India while fostering conservation of the set cultural heritage.

Pahari Schools of painting refer to the group of regional styles in northern India in the hill states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Jammu, and Garhwal between the 17th and 19th centuries. Its special feature is the intricacy in miniature paintings showing divine life, royal life, and natural landscapes.

This period was the golden time when India was in the midst of cultural and artistic exchange under the influence of both Rajasthani and Mughal art styles. Local rulers patronized these artistic expressions, which further helped these schools flourish.

Key Schools of Pahari Painting

1. Basohli Painting (Late 17th Century):
– Often employing dramatic colors and idealized form, Basohli pictures frequently treated mythological themes and were notable for detailed jewelry and motifs in full color.

There are several notable series within the Rasamanjari c. 1690).
2. Guler Painting (Early 18th Century)
Develops after Basohli but under Mughal influence, Guler was remarkable for its emphasis on naturalism and detailed portrait drawings, especially those of the master draughtsman Nainsukh.

3. Kangra Painting ( Late 18th Century)
– Soft, naturalistic expression, delicate expressions, love stories, especially of Radha and Krishna, and landscapes characterize Kangra paintings. What is particularly striking in these paintings is the absence of modelling and severely flattened hair.

4. Kulu-Mandi Painting
This is folk style coming from Kulu and Mandi areas. They depict curved lines more especially at the corners, darkness is used and there are figures of the rulers.

Artistic Themes

There are many tales depicted in Pahari paintings and one of the most popular and prominent stories is consideration of the love story of Radha and Krishna medium that was actually spiritual and cultural at that time. As a rule, such works had a religious and cultural message of their own.

Conclusion

Lakshmi originally derived from the heavy embellished style of Basohli school and grew into the fine naturalistic school of Kangra contributing immensely to the book of miniature painting of India. Thus it has its importance in India’s art heritage.

Introduction

The Indian Parliament is a bicameral house consisting of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Though the Lok Sabha is meant to represent the people and has more powers on matters that are financial in nature or executive, the Rajya Sabha represents the states, and its power in terms of federal legislation cannot be compromised.

Collective Responsibility

The Lok Sabha Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the house. They can be removed by a no-confidence motion, as provided for under Article 75 of the Indian Constitution. This power is not vested in the Rajya Sabha; therefore, its control over the executive is limited.

Money Bills

Article 110 states that a Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha cannot amend or reject the Money Bills; it can only send suggestions to the Lok Sabha, which can either accept or ignore. In case it is not returned within 14 days, it is considered passed by both houses.

Financial Bills

Financial Bills can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only, but in both houses it has equal powers to be passed. Money Bills cannot be so; the final authority to pass a money bill is vested in the Lok Sabha.

Voting Powers

Exclusive voting rights of the Lok Sabha for demands for grants while only it can approve the Union Budget. The Rajya Sabha can discuss the budget but cannot vote for demands for grants. This apart, under Article 352, only Lok Sabha can pass resolutions discontinuing a national emergency.

Special Powers of the Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha has special powers in certain legislative matters. Article 249 empowers it to permit the Parliament to enact laws relating to matters in the State List if it so thinks in the interest of the nation. Article 312 empowers it to take initiative for the formation of All-India Services. It can also take initiative for the removal of the Vice-President.

Conclusion

The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha have varied powers, with the former holding higher powers in finance and executive matters, whereas the latter holds specialized powers in regard to federal interests. Together, they achieve a balance of representation while protecting India’s federal structure.

Introduction

Public debt is the liability that the government owes. It mainly consists of liabilities payable from the Consolidated Fund of India, which means central as well as state borrowings. It can be regarded as an integral part of managing the overall economic stability and growth of India.

Understanding Public Debt

-Components of Public Debt:
Public debt consists of:
-G-Secs, or Government Securities: Borrowing instruments for long duration with borrowers income and their status etc.
-Treasury Bills: This is the borrowings to be made to cover of the current and exigent requirements of the central government.
-External Assistance: From the source or the institutions mentioned above
-Short-term borrowings: Credits for the shortest term which help to cover urgent fiscal wants.

– Measurement:
The public debt is always expressed as a share of the GDP in order that volume of the debt in relation to the economy of the country can be compared.

Public Debt in India at the Existing Fiscal Year

India is in the debt trap, total public debt of India has raised from 51.8% of GDP in 2011-2012 to 58.8% in 2020-2021. This increasing trend of public debt has an implication of a sustained debt burden and the potential effect it may come to have on the Indian economy.

Public debt problem At the core, it is pertinent to analyze the high public debt in more depth.

1. Higher Interest Payments:
With such a high debt, we observationally know that interest rates rise, which limits the government’s capability to spend on desirable services.

2. Sovereign Debt Crisis:
A rise in the interest rate will make debt refinancing difficult and can easily result to a sovereign debt crisis.

3. Inflationary pressures: Government expenditure is supposed to increase a normal increase will be normal borrowing; thus, demand pull inflation will cause instabilities in the economy.

4. Crowding Out Effect: If the level of debt reaches a standard, there will be high interest rates, which decrease private investments and hence slows the rate of economic growth.

5. Burden on Future Generations:
Current borrowing influences fiscal sustainability inasmuch as it puts a spanner on the next generation taxpayers.

6. Debt Sustainability:
Using these figures, the increases in debt are seen to cause higher fiscal unsustainability and therefore lower the policy options for a government in future.

7. Impact on Credit Ratings:
When public debt is high it poses a risk to credit rating that drives the cost of future borrowing of the government up.

Conclusion

India requires the best possible public debt management for the country to promote economic stability and growth. There is an imperative for growth without the risks of too much accumulation of debt towards fiscal responsibility and long-term prosperity.