Education in the Indian Constitution

Schedule
Education is included in the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution. This allows both the central and state governments to legislate on educational matters.

Inclusion Date
Education was included in the Concurrent List in 1976 through the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, which aimed to enhance the central government’s role in promoting education across the country.

Main Pulse Crops of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is one of India’s leading states for pulse production, contributing significantly to the country’s agricultural output. The main pulse crops grown in this state include:

• Gram (Chana): A key Rabi crop, sown in October and harvested in March. Gram thrives in dry conditions during harvesting.
• Tur (Arhar): Also known as pigeon pea, this pulse is important for both food and as a source of protein.
• Urad (Black Gram): Grown primarily in the Kharif season, urad is popular for its high nutritional value.

Key Facts

• Madhya Pradesh ranks as the second-largest producer of pulses in India, following Rajasthan​
• Pulses occupy approximately 21% of the total cropped area in the state​

These pulses are vital for the local diet, providing essential nutrients and proteins, especially for vegetarian households.

Special Drawing Rights (SDR) – IMF

What is SDR?
The Special Drawing Rights (SDR) is an international reserve asset created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to supplement member countries’ reserves.

Key Features

• Not a Currency: SDRs are not used like regular currency but act as a claim on IMF’s member countries’ freely usable currencies.
• Value Basket: Its value is based on five major currencies—USD, EUR, GBP, JPY, and CNY.

Purpose
Helps countries stabilize reserves and aids in global financial cooperation.

Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO) Scheme

Overview
The Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO) Scheme aims to support small farmers by forming groups that can operate collectively, like a company. This approach helps farmers access better markets and resources.

Objectives

• Increase Farmers’ Income: By reducing costs and increasing profits.
• Market Access: Enabling farmers to negotiate better prices.

Key Benefits

• Financial support up to ₹15 lakh.
• Focus on specific groups like fruit, vegetable, and fish farmers.

Target
Create 10,000 FPOs by 2027

Traditional Water Pollution Control Policy

Overview

Traditional water pollution control policies focus on regulating pollutants entering water bodies to protect public health and the environment.

Key Features

• Regulations: Set limits on the amount of pollutants that industries can discharge into water sources.
• Permits: Require industries to obtain permits before releasing any wastewater.

Examples

• Effluent Standards: Establish specific quality standards for treated wastewater before it can be discharged.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of water quality to ensure compliance with standards.

These measures aim to reduce pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems, ensuring safe water for communities.