The factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents are:

1. Wind : Surface currents, which flow over the surface of an ocean, are brought about mainly by wind.
2. Solar Heating : Ocean water rises towards the equator due to unequal solar heating; this causes a slope in the surface of the water, pulling water towards the poles.
3. The Coriolis Effect ( Earth’s Rotation) : Because of the Earth’s rotation, currents in the South Hemisphere veer to the left, whereas in the Northern Hemisphere they veer in the opposite way.
4. Water Density : Deep ocean currents are influenced by variations in water density, which are influenced by temperature and salinity swings. Water that is lighter rises while heavy water falls.

The influence of the factors on regional climates, fishing, and navigation :

• Regional Climate : Warm currents carry heat and moisture to most coastal locations, which results in warmer temperatures and increased rainfall. On the other hand, Cold currents act opposite and cool locations nearby.
• Fishing : Where cold and warm currents meet, the areas are filled with rich nutrients, making them prime fishing ground, such as the waters near Newfoundland.
• Navigation : Understanding currents makes vessels/ships route better, therefore economizing on fuel and time. These are very important for safe docking and undocking, as well.