Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that are prepared in laboratory where a specific lymphocyte after isolation and culture in vitro gains the capability to produce a single type of antibody and acts on a specific antigen only.

They are used to treat several diseases:

1. Disease Diagnosis- They help in diagnosis of diseases such as ELISA to test HIV, hepatitis, herpes etc.

2. Disease treatement- The are used in treatment such as immunodetection and radial immune therapy of cancer. They block the cell growth by destroying the outer membrane of a cancer cell.

The major reasons why students in the modern educational system often choose to pursue engineering and medical backgrounds are:

1. Parent’s expectations: It’s a norm for every parent to think that doctors or engineers are the most noble jobs to exist these days. They are not entirely wrong, but there are so many other jobs a student can aspire for if researched properly.

2. Financial stability: Every person searches for financial stability in the job, and it’s not wrong to say that, being from a medical background or an engineering one, they are pretty well paid with extra benefits at times.

3. Job security: During the modern times when layoffs are taking place so often, these two jobs are in high demand and provide a sense of security during the economic crisis, as I mentioned.

4. Respect: Every person looks forward to being respected and being in a reputed position where they get societal recognition. Not only in society but also at a professional level, they are respected well.

5. Personal interest: Some students have a personal interest in choosing this particular path. Some want to be innovative with their minds, and some want to help others with their deeds.