1. Provisions of the Amendment:
   • It laid down conditions for disqualification of members on grounds of defection.
   • Members defecting from their party without resigning from their elected positions would face disqualification.
   • The Speaker or Chairman of the House was empowered to decide on disqualification petitions.
2. Reasons for Introduction:
   • Political Stability: The frequent defections were seen as destabilizing for governments, leading to instability and uncertainty in governance.
   • Democratic Values: Defections were considered contrary to democratic principles as they undermined the voters’ mandate and party discipline.
   • Ensuring Accountability: By discouraging defections, the amendment aimed to promote accountability among elected representatives towards their political party and electorate.
3. Impact: The 52nd Amendment significantly altered the political landscape in India by reducing the incidence of floor-crossing and enhancing party discipline. It made defections less attractive by imposing penalties in the form of disqualification from office.

Overall, the 52nd Amendment was introduced to strengthen the democratic fabric of India by curbing defections and promoting stable governance. It remains an important constitutional amendment that continues to influence political dynamics in the country.