उत्तर लेखन के लिए रोडमैप 1. परिचय: महासागरीय लवणता का परिभाषा देना। समुद्री जल में घुले नमक (सोडियम क्लोराइड) की मात्रा को लवणता कहा जाता है, जो 33-37 ग्राम प्रति लीटर (ppt) होती है। 2. महासागरीय लवणता को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक: वाष्पीकरण: उच्च तापमान और ...
Model Answer Ocean salinity refers to the total dissolved salts in seawater, usually measured in grams of salt per kilogram of seawater or parts per thousand (ppt). The general range of ocean salinity is between 33-37 ppt. Evaporation: Higher evaporation rates increase salinity. When temperatures arRead more
Model Answer
Ocean salinity refers to the total dissolved salts in seawater, usually measured in grams of salt per kilogram of seawater or parts per thousand (ppt). The general range of ocean salinity is between 33-37 ppt.
- Evaporation: Higher evaporation rates increase salinity. When temperatures are high and humidity low, more water evaporates, leaving behind a higher concentration of salt. This results in increased salinity, especially in tropical areas with intense heat and low rainfall.
- Precipitation: Salinity and precipitation are inversely related. Higher precipitation dilutes the seawater, reducing salinity. Conversely, in areas with less rainfall, salinity tends to be higher.
- River Inflow: Rivers bring fresh water into the ocean, lowering salinity in the areas where the freshwater mixes with seawater, such as in estuaries.
- Atmospheric Pressure and Wind: In anticyclonic conditions, stable air and high temperatures reduce rainfall and increase evaporation, leading to higher salinity. Wind and ocean currents help redistribute salinity across different regions.
- Global Warming: Rising temperatures and changes in ice melt patterns can influence salinity by affecting the evaporation and precipitation cycles, as well as increasing the influx of fresh water from melting ice.
Spatial Distribution of Ocean Salinity
- Vertical Distribution: Salinity varies with depth. In higher latitudes, salinity increases with depth due to denser water at lower levels. A distinct zone, called the halocline, marks sharp changes in salinity.
- Horizontal Distribution: Salinity generally decreases from the equator to the poles. However, the highest salinity is found in tropical regions (20-40° North), where high evaporation, humidity, and minimal rainfall prevail. In contrast, polar regions have lower salinity due to melting ice inflows.
Regional Distribution:
- The average salinity of the open ocean is between 33-37 ppt.
- The Red Sea, being landlocked, has a higher salinity of around 41 ppt due to limited rainfall and high evaporation.
- The Mediterranean Sea also exhibits high salinity because of high evaporation rates.
- In the Pacific Ocean, salinity decreases from 35 ppt in the northern hemisphere to around 31 ppt due to melting Arctic waters.
- The average salinity of the Indian Ocean is 35 ppt, with lower salinity in the Bay of Bengal due to river inflows, while the Arabian Sea experiences higher salinity due to high evaporation and minimal freshwater influx.
मॉडल उत्तर महासागरीय लवणता का मतलब समुद्र में घुले हुए नमक की कुल मात्रा से है, जो प्रायः 33 से 37 ग्राम प्रति लीटर (ppt) होती है। यह लवणता विभिन्न प्राकृतिक कारकों द्वारा प्रभावित होती है, जिनका प्रभाव महासागरीय जल में नमक की सांद्रता पर पड़ता है। महासागरीय लवणता को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक: वाष्पीकRead more
मॉडल उत्तर
महासागरीय लवणता का मतलब समुद्र में घुले हुए नमक की कुल मात्रा से है, जो प्रायः 33 से 37 ग्राम प्रति लीटर (ppt) होती है। यह लवणता विभिन्न प्राकृतिक कारकों द्वारा प्रभावित होती है, जिनका प्रभाव महासागरीय जल में नमक की सांद्रता पर पड़ता है।
महासागरीय लवणता को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक:
महासागरीय लवणता का स्थानिक वितरण: