मॉडल उत्तर

प्रवासी भारतीयों का महत्व और सरकार की पहल

भारत के प्रवासी भारतीय, जो भारतीय मूल के व्यक्ति (PIO) और गैर-निवासी भारतीय (NRI) के रूप में जाने जाते हैं, विश्व के सबसे बड़े प्रवासी समुदायों में से एक हैं। 2024 में, प्रवासी भारतीयों ने भारत को 129.1 बिलियन डॉलर का धन प्रेषण भेजा, जो देश की GDP में 3.3% का योगदान देता है। इनका योगदान न केवल आर्थिक है, बल्कि ये सांस्कृतिक राजदूत के रूप में भी कार्य करते हैं, जिससे भारत की सॉफ्ट पावर को बढ़ावा मिलता है।

प्रवासी भारतीयों का राजनीतिक और कूटनीतिक महत्व भी अत्यधिक है। वे द्विपक्षीय संबंधों को मज़बूत करते हैं और वैश्विक मंचों पर भारत की आवाज़ को उठाते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, भारतीय मूल के सांसदों ने भारत-ब्रिटेन मुक्त व्यापार समझौते की वार्ता में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है।

सरकार को प्रवासी समुदाय के साथ जुड़ने के लिए कई पहल करनी चाहिए। e-Migrate प्लेटफार्म के माध्यम से, सरकार ने विदेशों में रोजगार चाहने वाले भारतीयों के लिए सुरक्षित अवसर प्रदान किए हैं। MADAD पोर्टल के जरिए, प्रवासी भारतीयों को आपात स्थितियों में सहायता प्राप्त होती है। इसके अलावा, OCI योजना प्रवासी भारतीयों को भारत में विशेषाधिकार प्रदान करती है, जिससे उनकी सांस्कृतिक विरासत को बनाए रखने में मदद मिलती है।

अनुसंधान और शैक्षणिक पहल, जैसे VAJRA और रामानुजन फेलोशिप, प्रवासी वैज्ञानिकों और शोधकर्ताओं को भारत में काम करने के अवसर प्रदान करती हैं। ये पहल प्रवासी भारतीयों के ज्ञान और अनुभव का लाभ उठाने में सहायक हैं।

निष्कर्षतः प्रवासी भारतीय भारत की वैश्विक पहचान को सुदृढ़ करते हैं। सरकार को उनकी क्षमताओं का अधिकतम उपयोग करने के लिए नीतियों में सुधार करना चाहिए और प्रवासी समुदाय के साथ मजबूत संबंध स्थापित करना चाहिए। इससे न केवल भारत का विकास होगा, बल्कि वैश्विक स्तर पर भी भारत की स्थिति में सुधार होगा।

Model Answer

Potential Impact of Arctic Ice Melting on Oceans

The Arctic’s sea ice is melting at an alarming rate, with NASA reporting a 13% decrease in Arctic ice every decade, resulting in a 95% loss over the past 30 years. According to the World Economic Forum, the Arctic may be ice-free in the summer by 2040 if greenhouse gas emissions continue unchecked. The melting of Arctic ice can have several profound effects on the oceans:

1. Sea Level Rise: As the Arctic ice melts, it adds freshwater to the oceans, contributing to a rise in global sea levels. This is a significant concern for coastal regions worldwide.
2. Ocean Chemistry Changes: The influx of freshwater from melting ice dilutes carbonate ions in the seawater, disrupting the ocean’s ability to neutralize carbon dioxide and reducing ocean pH. This results in increased ocean acidity, which harms marine life.
3. Impact on Marine Life: Acidification and changes in water temperature threaten the survival of marine creatures, including fish, corals, and other sea life, causing disruption to ecosystems and food chains.
4. Disruption of Ocean Currents: The influx of freshwater makes the seawater less dense, potentially altering or halting major ocean currents. These currents play a crucial role in regulating the global climate and distributing heat across the planet.

How India Could Be Affected by Arctic Ice Melting

India could experience several impacts due to the melting of Arctic ice, as observed in various studies:

1. Rising Sea Levels: According to the World Meteorological Organization, sea levels along India’s coasts are rising faster than the global average due to the melting ice in the Arctic. This poses a threat to coastal cities and low-lying areas, leading to flooding and loss of land.
2. Migration: The rise in sea levels and the increase in intense cyclones have already displaced 1.5 million people from the Sundarbans delta. A rapid increase in sea levels could trigger widespread migration from coastal regions, leading to social and economic challenges.
3. Impact on Indian Monsoon: The reduction in Arctic sea ice affects the Greenland Sea and the Central Pacific Ocean’s temperatures, which in turn impacts the Indian monsoon. A decrease in ice cover can lead to less rainfall during the monsoon season, affecting agriculture and water resources in India.

In conclusion, the melting of Arctic ice presents significant global and local challenges, with wide-reaching consequences for the oceans and countries like India. Immediate action to reduce emissions and address climate change is essential to mitigate these impacts.

Model Answer

Climate Change Impact on the Global South: South Asia as a Vulnerable Region

The Global South is disproportionately affected by climate change due to limited resources, underdeveloped infrastructure, and lower adaptive capacity. Among these, South Asia stands out as one of the most vulnerable regions. This discussion evaluates the severity of these impacts, supported by data and insights.

Urban Vulnerabilities and Resource Deficiency

The Global South, with its sprawling, unplanned urban areas, faces significant challenges in adapting to climate shocks. South Asia, home to 750 million people affected by climate disasters in the last two decades, exemplifies these vulnerabilities.

Key Climate Change Challenges in South Asia

1. Extreme Heat and Droughts

• Heatwaves are becoming more frequent, severe, and prolonged.
• In the Indus and Ganga river basins, such heatwaves could surpass human survivability thresholds, especially due to limited access to cooling solutions and worsening food insecurity.

2. Melting Himalayan Glaciers

• The Himalayas, serving as a water source for 1.5 billion people, are retreating faster than the global average due to rising temperatures.
• Rapid glacier melt leads to hazardous glacial lakes, endangering regions in India, Bhutan, and Nepal.

3. Rising Sea Levels

• Coastal areas in India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives face threats from sea-level rise, with predictions of a 15–38 cm increase by 2050.
• Consequences include saline water intrusion, loss of arable land, and large-scale climate migration.

4. Floods and Cyclones

• Recurrent flooding in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka is driven by heavy monsoons, cyclones, and glacial melt.
• Low-lying regions remain at heightened risk.

Economic Impacts

According to the IPCC Report 2022, climate change could result in a 2% GDP loss by 2050 in South Asia.

Call to Action

The Global South, particularly South Asia, must prioritize:

1. Climate-resilient infrastructure and social safety nets.
2. International collaboration to address climate crises, holding developed nations accountable for their historical emissions.

By implementing these measures, the region can better navigate the challenges posed by climate change.