शहरी कृषि से आप क्या समझते हैं और इसके विभिन्न प्रकारों का वर्णन कीजिए। साथ ही, भारत के संदर्भ में इसके महत्व पर चर्चा कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Evolution of the Indian Press (19th century to early 20th century) The Indian press evolved significantly from the 19th century to the early 20th century, transforming from a small, scattered, and government-controlled medium to a vibrant, diverse, and powerful force in shaping public opinion and fuRead more
Evolution of the Indian Press (19th century to early 20th century)
The Indian press evolved significantly from the 19th century to the early 20th century, transforming from a small, scattered, and government-controlled medium to a vibrant, diverse, and powerful force in shaping public opinion and fueling the nationalist movement.
Early Years (1818-1850s)
- Introduction of Printing Press: The first printing press was introduced in India in 1818 by British East India Company.
- Government Control: The government tightly controlled the press, restricting publication of newspapers and imposing censorship.
- Small-scale Journalism: Only a few newspapers were published, mostly by British colonizers and missionaries.
Expansion and Growth (1850s-1880s)
- Licensing Act: The British government relaxed its control over the press, allowing for the establishment of more newspapers.
- Increased Circulation: The number of newspapers increased, with circulation reaching tens of thousands.
- Nationalist Sentiment: Newspapers like the Bengal Harkara (1831) and The Indian Patriot (1857) began to express nationalist sentiments.
Maturation of the Press (1880s-1900s)
- Nationalist Newspapers: Newspapers like The Swadesamitr (1886) and The Pioneer (1865) emerged, advocating for Indian independence and self-governance.
- Increased Diversity: The press became more diverse, with publications catering to different regions, languages, and interests.
- Critical Journalism: Newspapers like The Mahratta (1822) and The Tribune (1878) developed critical reporting skills, exposing government corruption and social injustices.
Contribution to the Nationalist Movement
- Spread of Nationalist Ideas: The press played a crucial role in disseminating nationalist ideas, connecting people across India and fostering a sense of shared identity.
- Organizing and Mobilizing: Newspapers helped organize and mobilize people for nationalist movements, such as the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
- Challenging Colonialism: The press challenged colonial authority, criticizing British policies and highlighting their negative impacts on Indian society.
- Providing Alternative Perspectives: Newspapers offered alternative perspectives on colonialism, promoting self-governance, and advocating for Indian independence.
Notable Newspapers and Editors
- The Times of India (1838): Founded by James Augustus Hickey, this newspaper is one of the oldest continuously published English-language newspapers in Asia.
- The Bombay Gazette (1827): Founded by James Grant Duff, this newspaper was one of the first English-language newspapers in India.
- Swadesamitr (1886): Founded by Sheshiah Patwardhan, this newspaper was a prominent nationalist publication in India during the early 20th century.
- The Tribune (1878): Founded by Charles Frederick Andrews, this newspaper was a leading English-language newspaper in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
शहरी कृषि से तात्पर्य शहरों और नगरों में कृषि गतिविधियों से है, जहां खेत, बागान या अन्य उत्पादन क्षेत्र शहरी या उपनगरीय क्षेत्रों में स्थित होते हैं। इसके विभिन्न प्रकार निम्नलिखित हैं: वर्टिकल फार्मिंग: ऊँची इमारतों में विभिन्न स्तरों पर फसलें उगाई जाती हैं। हाइड्रोपोनिक्स: मिट्टी के बिना पौधों कोRead more
शहरी कृषि से तात्पर्य शहरों और नगरों में कृषि गतिविधियों से है, जहां खेत, बागान या अन्य उत्पादन क्षेत्र शहरी या उपनगरीय क्षेत्रों में स्थित होते हैं। इसके विभिन्न प्रकार निम्नलिखित हैं:
वर्टिकल फार्मिंग: ऊँची इमारतों में विभिन्न स्तरों पर फसलें उगाई जाती हैं।
See lessहाइड्रोपोनिक्स: मिट्टी के बिना पौधों को पोषक तत्वयुक्त जल में उगाया जाता है।
एरोपोनिक्स: पौधों की जड़ों को हवा में निलंबित कर पोषक तत्वों का छिड़काव किया जाता है।
रूफ गार्डनिंग: इमारतों की छतों पर बागवानी की जाती है।
भारत में शहरी कृषि का महत्व बढ़ रहा है क्योंकि यह खाद्य सुरक्षा को सुदृढ़ करता है, शहरी क्षेत्रों में ताजे और स्वास्थ्यवर्धक खाद्य पदार्थ उपलब्ध कराता है, और पर्यावरणीय लाभ प्रदान करता है। इससे शहरों में भोजन की पहुंच आसान होती है और यह स्थानीय रोजगार भी सृजित करता है। शहरी कृषि जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रभावों से निपटने और खाद्य संसाधनों की स्थिरता को बढ़ाने में भी सहायक है।