प्रश्न का उत्तर अधिकतम 300 शब्दों में दीजिए। यह प्रश्न 15 अंक का है। [MPPSC 2019] जल प्रबंधन और स्वच्छता के संदर्भ में हड़प्पा नगर योजना का वर्णन कीजिए ।
Harappan Town Planning in the Context of Water Management and Sanitation The Harappan Civilization, one of the oldest urban cultures in the world, was highly advanced in terms of town planning, particularly in the areas of water management and sanitation. Their cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa,Read more
Harappan Town Planning in the Context of Water Management and Sanitation
The Harappan Civilization, one of the oldest urban cultures in the world, was highly advanced in terms of town planning, particularly in the areas of water management and sanitation. Their cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, and Dholavira, show remarkable urban design that focused on providing clean water, efficient drainage, and hygienic living conditions.
1. Water Management
- Sophisticated Water Supply Systems: The Harappans built an advanced system for water supply, including wells and water tanks. In cities like Mohenjo-Daro, almost every house had its own private well, ensuring a regular supply of water for drinking, bathing, and domestic use.
- Large Reservoirs: At Dholavira, the Harappans constructed large reservoirs and step-wells that were used to store water for times of scarcity. These reservoirs were connected to canals and other water management structures, making them an essential part of the town’s infrastructure.
- Rainwater Harvesting: The Harappans may have also used systems for rainwater harvesting, collecting runoff from rains to fill their reservoirs, ensuring a sustainable water supply.
2. Sanitation and Drainage Systems
- Advanced Drainage Systems: One of the most impressive features of Harappan cities was their drainage systems. The streets were lined with brick drains that were covered and connected to a main sewage system. These drains carried away waste and stormwater efficiently, keeping the cities clean.
- Private Toilets: The Harappans had private toilets in many of their houses, connected to the main drainage system. These toilets were typically flush-type, a rare feature in ancient civilizations, which helped prevent the spread of disease and maintain hygiene.
- Public Baths: The cities also had public bathhouses like the famous Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro. The bath was a large, well-planned structure with a water-tight tank, possibly used for ritual bathing, and highlights the importance of cleanliness in Harappan culture.
3. Urban Planning
- Grid Layout: The Harappan cities were meticulously planned with a grid pattern of streets, ensuring easy movement and effective water drainage. The streets were wide, and buildings were made with standardized bricks, contributing to the overall organization of the town.
Conclusion
The Harappan civilization’s achievements in water management and sanitation were ahead of their time. Their innovative systems for water supply, waste disposal, and urban infrastructure reflect a high level of planning and concern for public health. The careful attention to hygiene and water usage in Harappan towns contributed to the sustainability and prosperity of their cities, offering valuable lessons in urban planning and sanitation even for modern societies.
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हड़प्पा नगर योजना: जल प्रबंधन और स्वच्छता हड़प्पा सभ्यता, जो सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के नाम से भी जानी जाती है, अपने समय की सबसे उन्नत नगर योजनाओं में से एक थी। हड़प्पा के नगरों में जल प्रबंधन और स्वच्छता के मामले में अद्वितीय व्यवस्था थी, जो आधुनिक नगरों की नगर योजना से बहुत मिलती-जुलती थी। 1. जल प्रबंधनRead more
हड़प्पा नगर योजना: जल प्रबंधन और स्वच्छता
हड़प्पा सभ्यता, जो सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के नाम से भी जानी जाती है, अपने समय की सबसे उन्नत नगर योजनाओं में से एक थी। हड़प्पा के नगरों में जल प्रबंधन और स्वच्छता के मामले में अद्वितीय व्यवस्था थी, जो आधुनिक नगरों की नगर योजना से बहुत मिलती-जुलती थी।
1. जल प्रबंधन की व्यवस्था
2. स्वच्छता की व्यवस्था
3. नगर योजना और संरचना
निष्कर्ष
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के नगरों की जल प्रबंधन और स्वच्छता व्यवस्था उस समय के लिए अत्यंत उन्नत थी। इन नगरों में जल निकासी, स्वच्छता, और जल आपूर्ति के लिए जो व्यवस्था थी, वह न केवल सभ्यता की उन्नति को दर्शाती है, बल्कि यह हमें यह भी बताती है कि हड़प्पा के लोग पर्यावरण और स्वच्छता के प्रति कितने जागरूक थे। इस प्रकार, हड़प्पा नगर योजना एक उदाहरण है कि किस तरह प्राचीन सभ्यताएँ अपने समय में उन्नत तकनीक और योजना के जरिए पानी और स्वच्छता का ध्यान रखती थीं।
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