Importance of International Cooperation in Disaster Risk Reduction

International cooperation is crucial in disaster risk reduction (DRR) for several reasons:

• Shared Knowledge and Resources: Countries can exchange expertise, technology, and best practices, enhancing local capabilities. For instance, the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference emphasized collaborative efforts to combat climate-induced disasters.
• Unified Response Strategies: Collaborative frameworks, like the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030), promote coordinated approaches to manage disasters across borders effectively.
• Funding and Support: International partnerships can mobilize financial resources for vulnerable nations, enabling them to implement robust DRR measures.

 India’s Initiatives for Regional Cooperation

India has taken significant steps to enhance regional cooperation in disaster mitigation.

• SAARC Disaster Management Centre: India actively supports this center, which facilitates knowledge sharing and capacity building among South Asian countries.
• Bilateral Agreements: India has established disaster response agreements with neighboring countries, including Bangladesh and Nepal, enhancing quick response capabilities.
• National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP): Launched in 2016, the NDMP emphasizes regional cooperation and aims to strengthen institutional frameworks for disaster management.
• Capacity-Building Programs: India conducts training sessions for regional personnel, focusing on effective disaster management techniques showcased during the COVID-19 pandemic response.

These initiatives underscore India’s commitment to regional stability and resilience against disasters, fostering a culture of cooperation in South Asia.

Gender budgeting is a fiscal policy approach that aims to analyze the impact of government budgets on gender equality and allocate resources to promote women’s empowerment. In India, it was introduced in 2005 to ensure that budgetary allocations consider gender-specific needs, recognizing that economic policies often overlook women’s contributions and challenges.

Despite its intent, gender budgeting in India faces several challenges. First, there is a lack of comprehensive data on gender-disaggregated statistics, which hampers effective policy formulation and assessment. For example, the National Family Health Survey reveals persistent disparities in health and education, yet budget allocations often do not address these gaps adequately.

Second, many government departments lack gender expertise, resulting in insufficient integration of gender perspectives in their planning and implementation. For instance, funds allocated for women’s development may not reach the grassroots level due to bureaucratic inefficiencies and corruption.

Lastly, societal norms and gender biases can undermine the effectiveness of gender budgeting. Cultural resistance to women’s empowerment can limit the political will to prioritize gender-sensitive initiatives.

In conclusion, while gender budgeting has potential, overcoming data deficiencies, bureaucratic inertia, and societal attitudes remains crucial for its success in India.

To solve the question, we need to analyze how the values for “FINANCE” and “MARKETING” are calculated.

1. FINANCE = 39
– F (6) + I (9) + N (14) + A (1) + N (14) + C (3) + E (5) = 52
But the given value is 39, so we may need to subtract something. The difference is 13.

2. MARKETING = 52
M (13) + A (1) + R (18) + K (11) + E (5) + T (20) + I (9) + N (14) + G (7) = 88
The given value is 52, so we subtract 36.

3. Finding a Pattern:
It seems the values might involve subtraction after calculating the total of letter values.
In both cases, it appears we subtract a number based on some logic or rule.

4. Calculating production:
– P (16) + R (18) + O (15) + D (4) + U (21) + C (3) + T (20) + I (9) + O (15) + N (14) = 123.
We need to identify how much to subtract based on previous examples, but let’s try some average values:
Average subtractions for the previous words seem inconsistent. Let’s just see if subtracting a consistent value fits.

5. Final Calculation for PRODUCTION:
If we try subtracting an average of the previous two (13 and 36), we can estimate a new subtraction:
average of 13 and 36 is around 24.5, so we might round it to 25 for simplicity.
– 123 – 25 = 98.

Thus, the answer for PRODUCTION would be  98.