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Environment
Environment is a concurrent subject thus allowing control of both the State Government and the Central Government on policies, regulations and action plans. In the recent past, the Honorable Supreme Court of India has ordered initiatives for protection of environment and prevention of pollution. ThiRead more
Environment is a concurrent subject thus allowing control of both the State Government and the Central Government on policies, regulations and action plans. In the recent past, the Honorable Supreme Court of India has ordered initiatives for protection of environment and prevention of pollution. This order can be passed based on Public Interest Litigation. The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Central Government to protect and improve the environment and prevent, control and abate environmental pollution. Following are the major steps taken to address the environmental impacts of ozone depletion:
2. Phasing Out Specific ODS:
3. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Phase-Out:
4. HPMP Stage-III (2023-2030):
5. Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol:
6. India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP):
Why is climatology important to society
Climatology, the study of climate and its changes over time, plays a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of the atmospheric conditions that drive weather patterns and temperature variations. Historically, early speculative assessments of climatic conditions were essential for human sustenancRead more
Climatology, the study of climate and its changes over time, plays a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of the atmospheric conditions that drive weather patterns and temperature variations. Historically, early speculative assessments of climatic conditions were essential for human sustenance and survival. The evolution of climatology has led to significant scientific achievements, such as mapping trade winds, explaining the effects of Earth’s rotation, and analyzing planetary wind circulation models. Notable discoveries include Louis Agassiz’s identification of the Ice Age in Europe and the classification of climates by scholars like Koppen, Thornthwaite, Trewartha, and Stamp. These scientific advancements have laid the foundation for a deeper understanding of our planet’s climate systems.
The importance of climatology to society is further underscored by technological advancements and predictive capabilities. World War II provided a scientific basis for understanding upper air circulations and climate models, leading to research on jet streams and ocean-atmosphere interactions. The use of computers and remote sensing has revolutionized data processing, while collaborative climate research expeditions like MONEX, NOAA, and COARE have expanded our knowledge. Predictive capabilities, such as forecasting ENSO and IOD phenomena, developing climate models for extreme weather conditions, and tracking cyclones, have significantly enhanced community preparedness and hazard mitigation. The advent of polar and geostationary weather satellites, along with GPS and GIS applications, has further improved climate research. Global coordination by meteorological departments, and organizations like the WMO and IPCC, has raised awareness about global warming and climate change, highlighting climatology’s vital role in addressing these pressing issues and ensuring societal resilience.
See lessAgriculture
Drought is a natural shortfall of precipitation and water resources. Its impacts extend beyond water resources, affecting society, living conditions, and the environment. To manage water resources sustainably major measures are to reduce soil erosion by implementing soil conservation practices, augmRead more
Drought is a natural shortfall of precipitation and water resources. Its impacts extend beyond water resources, affecting society, living conditions, and the environment. To manage water resources sustainably major measures are to reduce soil erosion by implementing soil conservation practices, augment soil moisture to enhance the soil’s water retention capability, and retard rainwater drainage to increase water availability. Additionally, these measures aim to improve water use efficiency in agriculture, ensuring sustainable water management and optimal use of resources. Methods of Water Harvesting:
These methods are useful for groundwater recharge during deficient rainfall and flash floods, improving water availability by using techniques like dams, tanks, and percolation tanks. Promoting these methods helps mitigate drought impacts and ensures sustainable water resources.
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