- The article emphasizes the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean, historically dominated by India but now contested by global powers.
- Highlights the Eighth Indian Ocean Conference, showcasing the region’s geopolitical significance and India’s maritime aspirations.
Key Stakes for India in the Indian Ocean Region
Economic Lifeline and Trade Dominance
- The Indian Ocean is crucial for India’s trade, handling nearly 80% of external trade and 90% of energy imports.
- In FY22, Indian ports managed 720.29 million tonnes (MT) of cargo.
- The Sagarmala Project aims to boost port-led development and reduce logistics costs.
Geopolitical and Strategic Influence
- India aims to counter China’s growing naval presence and infrastructure projects.
- Initiatives like SAGAR and the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative reinforce India’s leadership.
- Partnerships with Oman, Maldives, and Seychelles enhance strategic depth.
Maritime Security and Counterterrorism
- The Indian Ocean faces threats from piracy, smuggling, and terrorism.
- India has modernized its navy and strengthened maritime security through initiatives like the Information Fusion Centre – IOR.
Energy Security and Blue Economy Expansion
- The region is vital for energy imports and expanding India’s blue economy.
- Investments in offshore wind farms and hydrogen fuel production are underway.
Infrastructure Development and Connectivity
- India is developing critical infrastructure like Chabahar Port in Iran and Sittwe Port in Myanmar.
- Planned investment of USD 82 billion in port projects by 2035.
Climate Change and Environmental Leadership
- India leads climate resilience efforts, focusing on sustainable development.
- Initiatives like Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) promote regional cooperation.
Cultural and Historical Ties
- India’s historical maritime connections enhance its soft power in the region.
- Cultural diplomacy efforts include Project Mausam and cooperation with African nations.
Key Strategic Concerns for India
China’s Expanding Naval Presence
- China’s String of Pearls strategy poses a threat to India’s maritime security.
- Key investments include Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka and various military bases.
Maritime Security Threats
- Issues like piracy and illegal activities disrupt trade and threaten security.
- The Indian Navy executed 18 rescue operations under Operation Sankalp.
Geopolitical Competition
- Increased naval deployments from the US, UK, France, and Russia complicate regional dynamics.
- The AUKUS Pact strengthens Western presence in the Indo-Pacific.
Climate Change Risks
- Rising sea levels and extreme weather events jeopardize coastal security.
- The Indian Ocean is among the fastest warming oceans globally.
Weak Naval Infrastructure
- India’s shipbuilding capabilities lag behind global standards.
- Reliance on foreign imports affects operational readiness.
Cybersecurity Challenges
- Subsea cables are vulnerable to cyber threats, necessitating stronger cybersecurity measures.
Key Multilateral Groupings Involving India
- Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA): Regional cooperation in maritime security and trade.
- Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS): Focus on strengthening naval cooperation.
- BIMSTEC: Regional cooperation among Bay of Bengal nations.
- Colombo Security Conclave (CSC): Enhancing regional security cooperation.
- QUAD: Ensuring maritime security and countering China’s influence.
Measures for Enhancing India’s Influence
Expanding Naval Capabilities
- Accelerate blue-water navy expansion and enhance surveillance capabilities.
Enhancing Infrastructure Development
- Lead strategic port infrastructure development to counter China’s influence.
Deepening Regional Partnerships
- Institutionalize defense cooperation and expand regional defense exports.
Strengthening Economic Diplomacy
- Develop new trade corridors and enhance blue economy cooperation.
Cyber and Digital Strategy
- Invest in secure communication infrastructure and strengthen cybersecurity.
Leading Climate Initiatives
- Promote green shipping and sustainable fisheries management.
Enhancing Soft Power
- Foster cultural ties through educational scholarships and tourism initiatives.
Way Forward
- India’s strategic interests in the Indian Ocean are rooted in its historical significance and contemporary focus on security, trade, and cooperation.
- Initiatives like SAGAR and the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative position India as a leader in promoting stability and growth in the region.