Sanitation in India faces several challenges due to a combination of several factors based on historical,socio economic and infrastructural reasons Here are some key reasons:

Population Density: With increasing population,India is now the largest country population wise.But ,with the emerging population in the urban and rural areas does not have the adequate waste management system for the tons of waste produced daily.

Poverty and Inequality: Many people in India live in poverty and do not have access to basic sanitation facilities. Inequality in resource distribution is also one of the factors that arises sanitation problems.

Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure in many regions, particularly in rural areas and informal settlements .Though ,India is on its developing stage still in many rural areas people do not have washrooms and thus face sanitation problems.

Awareness and Education: Lack of awareness and education about the importance of sanitation and hygiene practices contributes to poor sanitary conditions.

Cultural Practices: Traditional practices and beliefs can sometimes hinder the adoption of modern sanitation solutions.People do not accept the changes that are judicial for their well being but stick on to historical beliefs.

Government and Policy Implementation: While there are policies and programs aimed at improving sanitation, inconsistent implementation and governance issues can impede progress.

Efforts like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) have been launched to address these challenges, aiming to improve sanitation across the country through building toilets, promoting hygiene, and creating awareness.