The USSR’s inclination towards science, enabling it to challenge capitalist nations, stemmed from several key factors:

1. Ideological Commitment: Marxist ideology emphasized progress and viewed science and technology as crucial for building a socialist society. The state prioritized scientific advancement to demonstrate communism’s superiority over capitalism.

2. Centralized Planning: The Soviet Union’s centrally planned economy allowed for significant investment in scientific research and education. Resources were directed efficiently towards areas like space exploration, military technology, and industrial development.

3. State Support and Funding: The government provided substantial funding for scientific research and development. Institutes and academies received state support, attracting top talent and fostering innovation.

4. Educational Focus: Emphasis on education, particularly in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), created a highly skilled workforce. Specialized schools and universities nurtured future scientists and engineers.

5. National Prestige: Scientific achievements were a source of national pride. Landmark successes, such as launching the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, and sending the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into space, showcased Soviet prowess and challenged the technological dominance of capitalist nations, especially the USA.

These factors created an environment where scientific progress was prioritized, enabling the USSR to compete with and sometimes surpass capitalist nations in various scientific and technological arenas.