How does DNA fingerprinting work, and what are its applications in forensic science?
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1. DNA extraction: Biological samples, such as blood, saliva, or hair, are collected from the crime scene or the suspect.
2. DNA amplification: The DNA is then amplified using a process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to create multiple copies of specific DNA regions.
3. DNA analysis: The amplified DNA is analyzed to identify unique patterns, called “DNA profiles,” which are unique to each individual.
4. Comparison: The DNA profile from the crime scene is compared to the DNA profile of the suspect or a database of known profiles to determine if there is a match.
Applications of DNA fingerprinting in forensic science include:
– Identifying suspects in criminal investigations
– Establishing paternity or kinship relationships
– Exonerating wrongly accused individuals
– Identifying victims in mass disasters or missing persons cases
– Tracking the spread of infectious diseases