In contemporary India, literature plays a crucial role in addressing environmental and ecological issues. Through various genres, including fiction, poetry, and essays, writers bring attention to pressing environmental concerns, such as pollution, deforestation, climate change, and the loss of biodiversity.

Literature serves as a powerful medium to raise awareness and inspire action. Novels like Amitav Ghosh’s *The Hungry Tide* and *Gun Island* highlight the impact of climate change and human activity on fragile ecosystems. These works provide readers with vivid descriptions and emotional narratives that make abstract environmental issues more relatable and urgent.

Poetry also contributes to the environmental discourse. Poets like Arundhathi Subramaniam and Jayanta Mahapatra explore themes of nature and the human impact on the environment, encouraging readers to reflect on their relationship with the natural world. Through their evocative language, poets can foster a deeper emotional connection to environmental issues.

Essays and non-fiction works provide in-depth analyses and propose solutions to ecological problems. Environmental activists and writers, such as Vandana Shiva, use literature to critique unsustainable practices and advocate for more eco-friendly policies and lifestyles.

Overall, literature in contemporary India acts as a catalyst for change by educating, engaging, and motivating readers to address environmental and ecological challenges.