Climate change profoundly affects global food security and agriculture by altering temperatures, precipitation patterns, and increasing extreme weather events. Rising temperatures can decrease crop yields and cause heat stress in both plants and livestock. Changes in rainfall can result in more severe droughts and floods, impacting water availability and damaging crops. Higher CO2 levels can boost plant growth but often reduce the nutrient content of staple crops.

Extreme weather, such as storms and hurricanes, can destroy crops and disrupt supply chains. Additionally, warmer temperatures allow pests and diseases to spread to new areas, posing additional risks to agriculture. Soil degradation due to erosion and salinization further reduces land fertility.

These climate impacts disrupt food supply chains, leading to market volatility and higher food prices, which affect affordability and access. The socioeconomic consequences include threats to livelihoods, especially in developing countries, and potential increases in migration and conflict over resources.

Adaptation strategies, such as climate-smart agriculture, crop genetic modification, and improved water management, are essential. Policies that support sustainable agricultural practices are necessary to enhance resilience and ensure food security in the face of climate change.