India’s system of universal adult suffrage is enshrined in Article 326 of the Constitution, which provides that all citizens aged 18 and above are entitled to vote. To ensure the inclusivity and accessibility of the electoral process, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has taken several measures, particularly for marginalized groups such as women, minorities, and persons with disabilities.

Measures taken:

Voter Registration: The ECI has implemented various measures to increase voter registration, including:
Online voter registration: The ECI has introduced an online portal for voter registration, making it easier for citizens to register.
Door-to-door verification: The ECI conducts door-to-door verification to ensure that eligible voters are enrolled in the electoral rolls.
Accessibility: Efforts have been made to make polling stations accessible to all:
Accessible polling stations: The ECI has identified and designated accessible polling stations for voters with disabilities.
Sign language interpretation: The ECI provides sign language interpretation at polling stations to assist voters with hearing impairments.
Inclusive Campaigning: The ECI has promoted inclusive campaigning by:
Prohibiting hate speech and hate propaganda: The ECI has prohibited hate speech and hate propaganda during elections, promoting a peaceful and respectful campaign environment.
Encouraging women’s participation: The ECI has encouraged women’s participation in politics through reserved seats, gender-sensitive polling stations, and awareness campaigns.
Voting Accessibility: Efforts have been made to ensure voting accessibility:
Braille ballots: The ECI provides Braille ballots for voters with visual impairments.
Tactile voting machines: Some states have introduced tactile voting machines for voters with visual impairments.
Voter Education: The ECI has launched various initiatives to educate voters about the electoral process:
Awareness campaigns: The ECI conducts awareness campaigns through print, electronic, and social media to educate voters about their rights and responsibilities.
Voter education pamphlets: The ECI distributes voter education pamphlets in multiple languages to ensure that all voters are informed.
Comparison with other democratic countries:

United States:
Voter ID laws: Some states in the US have voter ID laws, which have been criticized for disenfranchising marginalized communities.
Voter suppression tactics: There have been reports of voter suppression tactics, such as gerrymandering and voter roll purges, targeting marginalized communities.
United Kingdom:
Compulsory voting: The UK has a system of compulsory voting, which aims to increase voter turnout.
Accessibility measures: The UK has implemented measures such as audio-visual aids and braille ballots to increase accessibility for voters with disabilities.
Canada:
Voter ID laws: Canada does not have national voter ID laws, but some provinces have introduced their own ID requirements.
Accessibility measures: Canada has implemented measures such as audio-visual aids and accessible polling stations to increase accessibility for voters with disabilities.
In conclusion, India’s system of universal adult suffrage has made significant progress in ensuring inclusivity and accessibility for marginalized groups. While there is still room for improvement, the ECI’s efforts have increased voter registration, improved accessibility at polling stations, and promoted inclusive campaigning. India’s approach compares favorably with other democratic countries, which have also implemented measures to promote inclusivity and accessibility in their electoral processes.