Communication networks are essential systems that enable the transmission of data between devices, facilitating the exchange of information in various forms such as voice, video, and text. These networks are the backbone of modern communication, allowing individuals and organizations to connect seamlessly across vast distances. At the core of communication networks are the different types of infrastructures, including wired networks like fiber optics and coaxial cables, as well as wireless networks such as cellular, satellite, and Wi-Fi.

A communication network operates through the interconnection of nodes, which can be computers, smartphones, servers, or other devices. These nodes use a variety of protocols to ensure data is transmitted accurately and efficiently. Protocols like TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) are fundamental, providing the rules for how data packets are sent, received, and reassembled across the network. Additionally, advancements in network technology, such as 5G and fiber optics, have significantly increased the speed and reliability of data transmission.

Furthermore, communication networks are critical in numerous applications, from everyday internet browsing and social media interactions to complex industrial operations and emergency services. They support global business operations, enable remote work, and drive innovations in fields like telemedicine and smart cities. Overall, communication networks are indispensable in connecting the world, driving both technological progress and societal change.