Roadmap for Answer Writing
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Introduction
- Briefly introduce mangroves and their ecological significance.
- State the importance of discussing their role in coastal communities and biodiversity.
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Significance of Mangroves
- Protection of Coastlines
- Explain how mangroves act as natural barriers against storms and erosion.
- Fact: Mangroves reduce the impact of coastal hazards, protecting human settlements and infrastructure (Source: National Geographic).
- Biodiversity Maintenance
- Describe the biodiversity supported by mangroves, including species of fish and other wildlife.
- Fact: Mangroves support nearly 3,000 species of fish and a unique array of flora and fauna (Source: World Wildlife Fund).
- Livelihood and Food Security
- Discuss the role of mangroves in providing resources for local communities.
- Fact: Approximately 120 million people rely on mangrove ecosystems for food, wood, and income.
- Ecological Services
- Highlight the ecological benefits, such as carbon sequestration and water filtration.
- Fact: Mangroves have a carbon storage capacity 3 to 5 times greater than upland forests.
- Protection of Coastlines
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Introduction to the MISHTI Scheme
- Briefly introduce the MISHTI scheme and its objectives.
- Mention its relevance to mangrove conservation.
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Key Features of the MISHTI Scheme
- Expansion of Mangrove Area
- Describe the goals for mangrove plantation.
- Fact: The scheme aims to increase mangrove cover by 540 sq km in 11 states and 2 UTs over five years (Source: Union Budget 2023-24).
- Convergence of Various Schemes
- Explain how the scheme integrates with existing programs for funding and implementation.
- Fact: It will utilize resources from MGNREGS and the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (Source: Government of India).
- Collaboration and Best Practices
- Discuss the importance of best practices and public-private partnerships.
- Fact: The scheme aims to adopt effective management practices for sustainable mangrove development (Source: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change).
- Environmental Conservation Focus
- Explain the broader environmental goals of the scheme.
- Fact: The MISHTI scheme is part of a larger initiative to combat climate change and enhance ecosystem resilience (Source: Government of India).
- Expansion of Mangrove Area
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Conclusion
- Summarize the importance of mangroves for coastal health and biodiversity.
- Reiterate the significance of the MISHTI scheme in promoting sustainable mangrove conservation.
Relevant Facts
- Mangrove Cover in India: India has a total mangrove cover of 4,992 sq km, which is about 0.15% of its total geographical area (Source: Forest Survey of India).
- Ecosystem Protection: Mangroves provide protection to coastlines, significantly reducing storm surges and coastal erosion (Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).
- Biodiversity Support: Mangrove ecosystems are known for their high levels of biodiversity, supporting various marine and terrestrial species (Source: United Nations Environment Programme).
- Livelihood Contribution: The resources from mangroves are crucial for the livelihoods of coastal communities, supporting fishing, wood harvesting, and eco-tourism (Source: International Union for Conservation of Nature).
- Climate Mitigation: Mangroves play a key role in climate change mitigation through their carbon sequestration capabilities (Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
Model Answer
Significance of Mangroves for Coastal Communities and Biodiversity
Mangroves are vital ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to coastal communities and biodiversity. They serve as a natural barrier against storms and coastal erosion, protecting human settlements and infrastructure from the impacts of severe weather events. This protective function is crucial for reducing the risks associated with coastal hazards, thereby safeguarding lives and properties.
In terms of biodiversity, mangroves are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet. They support nearly 3,000 species of fish and a diverse array of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to these habitats. Mangroves also provide essential breeding and nursery grounds for various marine species, contributing significantly to the health of coastal fisheries. Furthermore, they are home to a wide range of mammals, reptiles, and invertebrates, enhancing overall biodiversity in coastal regions.
Mangroves also play a critical role in the livelihoods of approximately 120 million people living in coastal areas. The resources they provide, such as wood, fish, and other minor produce, are integral to the diets and lifestyles of these communities. Additionally, mangrove ecosystems support eco-tourism, generating income and employment opportunities for local populations.
The MISHTI Scheme
In recognition of the importance of mangroves, the Union Budget 2023-24 introduced the Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI). This scheme aims to enhance the regeneration and sustainable utilization of mangrove ecosystems across India. Key features of the MISHTI scheme include:
The MISHTI scheme is a timely intervention, addressing the threats faced by mangrove ecosystems due to commercialization and development pressures.