The Role of the President of India: An Evaluation

The President of India holds a unique role within India’s democratic framework, often likened to the respected elder in a family. Although the President is officially the head of state, many of their powers are exercised only with the advice and approval of the elected government.

1. Constitutional Powers of the President

• Executive Powers: The President is the supreme commander of the armed forces and oversees major appointments, such as the Prime Minister, judges, and governors.
• Legislative Powers: Can summon or dissolve Parliament, and gives final assent to bills, which is essential to enact laws.
• Judicial and Diplomatic Powers: Includes appointing judges and representing India internationally.

2. Role in Practice

• Bound by Advice: The President acts based on the advice of the Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister. If the President disagrees, they may ask for reconsideration, but if the Council insists, the President is constitutionally obliged to comply.
• Guardian of the Constitution: While largely a ceremonial role, the President can act as a guardian during constitutional crises or in rare situations where government actions conflict with the constitution.

3. Challenges and Limitations

• Limited Independent Power: Like an elder with wisdom but limited authority, the President cannot override the decisions of the elected government unless constitutional norms are at risk.
• Moral Authority: The President’s influence often stems from moral authority rather than practical power. This position provides guidance but is effective only if the “young members” (government officials) respect this authority.

Example: President’s Role in a Hung Parliament

In case of a hung Parliament, the President may play a decisive role in selecting the Prime Minister, exercising discretion. However, this influence is rare and typically comes into play only when political structures are unstable.