Explain the concept of real time-PCR. What is ‘Ct value’ in RT-PCR Test for Covid-19? (Answer limit: 100 words, Marks 10) [RPSC 2023]
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Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify and quantify DNA or RNA in real time during the PCR process. It allows for the detection of specific genetic material, such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19.
The “Ct value” (cycle threshold) is a crucial metric in RT-PCR. It represents the number of amplification cycles required for the fluorescent signal to exceed a predetermined threshold, indicating the presence of the target genetic material. A lower Ct value suggests a higher viral load, while a higher Ct value indicates a lower amount of viral RNA.