The Administrative System of Shivaji

Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire, established a robust administrative system that effectively governed his kingdom in the 17th century.

Central Administration

• Swarajya Concept:
  • Shivaji emphasized the idea of Swarajya, or self-rule, which aimed to empower local populations and ensure their welfare.
• Ashta Pradhan:
  • He formed a council known as the Ashta Pradhan (Council of Eight Ministers), each responsible for specific functions:
    • Peshwa: Prime Minister overseeing general administration.
    • Amatya: In charge of finances and revenue collection.
    • Dabhkar: Responsible for military affairs and defense.

Revenue System

• Fair Taxation:
  • Shivaji implemented a revenue system where he collected one-fourth of agricultural produce as tax. This was seen as fair and sustainable.
• Land Surveys:
  • He conducted land surveys to assess productivity, helping to set tax rates that were reasonable for farmers.

Military Organization

• Strong Military:
  • Shivaji maintained a well-organized army that combined infantry and cavalry, using innovative tactics like guerilla warfare to defend his territory.
• Fort Administration:
  • He built numerous forts and appointed Kiledars (fort commanders) to manage and protect these strategic locations.

Local Administration

• Village Councils:
  • Shivaji encouraged local self-governance through gram panchayats (village councils), allowing villagers to participate in decision-making processes.
• Judicial System:
  • He established a system of local courts to ensure justice was accessible to everyone, reinforcing the rule of law.

Conclusion

Shivaji’s administrative system was characterized by efficiency, fairness, and local empowerment. His innovative governance not only strengthened the Maratha Empire but also set a precedent for future administrative practices in India.