Public Courts, or Lok Adalats, are an innovative judicial mechanism in India aimed at providing accessible and speedy justice to the public. The concept is rooted in the idea of resolving disputes amicably, reducing the burden on traditional courts. Lok Adalats encourage settlement through negotiation, ensuring that justice is delivered without the lengthy procedures often associated with the formal court system.

The primary purpose of Public Courts is to ensure that justice is not only swift but also affordable. By facilitating out-of-court settlements, they aim to reduce litigation costs and promote a harmonious society. These courts address various issues, including civil, criminal, family, and labor disputes.

In terms of eligibility for free legal aid, several groups are prioritized. This includes individuals belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC), as well as women, children, and individuals living below the poverty line. Additionally, victims of trafficking and those facing custodial violence are also eligible. The aim is to ensure that marginalized and economically disadvantaged individuals have access to justice, enabling them to assert their rights without financial constraints. Overall, Lok Adalats play a crucial role in promoting social justice and legal empowerment in India.