Explain the essential conditions for the development of the steel industry and the development of iron and give appropriate examples in the United States. [Answer Limit: 125 words] [UKPSC 2016]
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The development of the iron and steel industry requires several essential conditions:
1. **Raw Materials**: Availability of iron ore, coal (for coke), and limestone is crucial for production.
2. **Energy Sources**: A reliable supply of energy, such as coal or natural gas, is necessary for smelting processes.
3. **Transportation Infrastructure**: Efficient transport systems (railways, roads, waterways) are needed for the movement of raw materials and finished products.
4. **Market Demand**: Proximity to large markets enhances the growth potential of the industry.
5. **Technology and Skilled Labor**: Advanced manufacturing techniques and a skilled workforce are vital for efficient production.
A suitable example from the U.S.A. is **Pittsburgh**, historically known as “Steel City,” where the convergence of raw materials, transportation networks, and market demand led to significant industrial growth in the 19th and 20th centuries.