Permaculture is a system of farming that aims to create a sustainable and self sufficient ecosystem by integrating plants, animals and human beings. It is a holistic approach that considers the farm as an ecosystem and tries to minimize external inputs. The main objective of permaculture is to create a stable and productive system that can sustain itself over time.

Conventional chemical farming also known as modern or intensive farming, is a system of farming that uses synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and irrigation to increase crop production.

Differences between Permaculture and Conventional chemical farming – 

1. Permaculture farming avoids synthetic chemicals using natural methods and organic inputs whereas Conventional chemical farming relies heavily on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and fungicides, differing fundamentally.
2. Permaculture farming promotes biodiversity, integrating diverse crops, trees, animals and microorganisms whereas Conventional chemical farming focuses on monocultures, specializing in single, high yielding crop varieties, lacking diversity.
3. Permaculture farming conserves water through rainwater harvesting, mulching and drip irrigation whereas Conventional chemical farming relies on intensive irrigation systems, wasting water and depleting groundwater resources.
4. Permaculture farming enhances soil health through organic amendments, composting and minimal tillage whereas Conventional chemical farming degrades soil fertility with synthetic fertilizers, intensive tillage and monocultures.
5. Permaculture farming minimizes environmental impact through sustainable practices, conserving biodiversity and reducing pollution whereas Conventional chemical farming contributes to soil erosion, water pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss.
6. Permaculture farming promotes diverse, heirloom and native crop varieties, prioritizing nutrition and ecosystem balance whereas Conventional chemical farming focuses on high yielding, genetically modified (GM) and hybrid crops.
7. Permaculture farming adopts a holistic, regenerative and adaptive approach, mimicking nature whereas Conventional chemical farming follows a reductionist, mechanized and yield driven approach, prioritizing efficiency and profit over sustainability.