Introduction: A ‘hot spring’ is a natural thermal water source where heated groundwater flows to the Earth’s surface. This geothermal feature occurs due to geological activities such as volcanic processes or tectonic movements.

Characteristics of Hot Springs:

• Geothermal Activity: Hot springs are typically found in regions with significant geological activity, including volcanic areas and tectonic plate boundaries.
• Temperature Range: The water in hot springs can range from 30°C to 90°C or even higher, depending on the geothermal gradient and the heat source.

Recent Examples:

• Yellowstone National Park, USA: The park is home to famous hot springs like “Old Faithful”. Known for its regular and predictable eruptions, Old Faithful is a prime example of a geothermal feature formed due to volcanic activity. Recent studies have highlighted the changing geothermal patterns in Yellowstone, reflecting shifts in volcanic activity and thermal energy distribution.
• Iceland’s Blue Lagoon: Located in Iceland, the Blue Lagoon is a renowned hot spring that attracts visitors worldwide. The lagoon’s warm, mineral-rich waters are a result of geothermal energy from the nearby Reykjanes volcanic zone. Recent research emphasizes the lagoon’s role in geothermal energy utilization and its benefits for skin health.

Uses and Benefits:

• Health Benefits: Bathing in hot springs is believed to provide relief from muscle tension, improve circulation, and enhance skin health. The minerals in hot spring water, such as sulfur and silica, have therapeutic properties.
• Tourism and Recreation: Hot springs often become major tourist attractions. They contribute to the local economy by promoting eco-tourism and wellness retreats, as seen in destinations like the Blue Lagoon in Iceland and the hot springs in Japan.

Conclusion: A ‘hot spring’ is a natural geothermal feature where heated groundwater surfaces, influenced by geological processes. Hot springs provide health benefits, contribute to tourism, and are significant in understanding geothermal energy and geological activity. Recent examples like Yellowstone and the Blue Lagoon illustrate the diverse applications and attractions of hot springs.