India’s ‘Soft Power’ Diplomacy in Afghanistan: Reasons and Evaluation

1. Historical and Cultural Ties (Historical and Cultural Ties):

• Cultural Influence: India has leveraged its historical and cultural connections with Afghanistan, including shared historical experiences and cultural exchanges. Bollywood films and Indian television programs have been popular in Afghanistan, fostering goodwill.
• Example: Indian cultural centers in Kabul and Herat have promoted cultural and educational exchanges, enhancing India’s image as a supportive neighbor.

2. Development Assistance (Development Assistance):

• Economic Support: India has provided substantial development aid to Afghanistan, including infrastructure projects, educational initiatives, and health services. This support has helped in building a positive image of India as a benefactor.
• Example: The construction of the Salma Dam (also known as the India-Afghanistan Friendship Dam) has been a significant project, enhancing irrigation and power supply in Herat province, showcasing India’s commitment to Afghan development.

3. Educational and Capacity Building (Educational and Capacity Building):

• Educational Programs: India has offered scholarships and educational programs to Afghan students, promoting capacity building and fostering long-term bilateral ties.
• Example: The Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) program has provided numerous Afghan students with opportunities to study in Indian institutions, strengthening human resource development in Afghanistan.

4. Humanitarian Assistance (Humanitarian Assistance):

• Disaster Relief and Support: India has provided humanitarian assistance in times of crisis, including disaster relief and support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, India supplied vaccines and medical aid to Afghanistan, reinforcing its role as a compassionate and supportive partner.

5. Strategic Interests and Countering Adversaries (Strategic Interests and Countering Adversaries):

• Regional Influence: By engaging in soft power diplomacy, India aims to counter the influence of Pakistan and China in Afghanistan, positioning itself as a key player in regional stability.
• Example: India’s support for the Afghan government and its engagement with various Afghan factions have been part of its strategy to counterbalance Pakistan’s influence and counteract China’s growing presence in the region.

Conclusion: India’s soft power diplomacy in Afghanistan is driven by a combination of historical ties, development assistance, educational support, humanitarian aid, and strategic interests. By focusing on these aspects, India has been able to build a positive image and strengthen its influence in Afghanistan, despite the complex geopolitical dynamics of the region.