Talk about the non-governmental organizations’ participation in the policy-making process. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]
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Rights Under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution
1. Right to Life and Personal Liberty:
Article 21 guarantees the fundamental right to life and personal liberty. This includes not only the right to live with dignity but also protection against arbitrary deprivation of life and personal freedom.
2. Right to Privacy:
The Supreme Court recognized the right to privacy as an intrinsic part of Article 21 in the landmark K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India (2017) case. This encompasses personal space and control over personal information.
3. Right to Livelihood:
The right to a livelihood, necessary for a meaningful existence, falls under Article 21. For example, the NREGA provides guaranteed employment, contributing to the right to livelihood.
4. Right to Health and Education:
The right to health and education has been reinforced as part of Article 21. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to improve access to quality education, addressing this right.
5. Right to a Clean Environment:
Recent judgments have extended Article 21 to include the right to a clean and healthy environment, as seen in Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum vs. Union of India (1996).