Co-habitation in a parliamentary form of government refers to a situation where the head of state and the head of government come from opposing political parties. This typically occurs in semi-presidential systems, where a president (head of state) and a prime minister (head of government) must coexist and share power despite their differing political affiliations.

Co-habitation can impact the smooth functioning of the parliamentary system in several ways. It often leads to political gridlock and policy stagnation, as the president and prime minister may have conflicting agendas and priorities. This can result in difficulties in passing legislation and implementing policies effectively. Additionally, co-habitation can create tension and power struggles within the government, undermining cooperation and unity.

However, it can also foster compromise and negotiation, encouraging diverse viewpoints and broader representation. Ultimately, the success of co-habitation depends on the willingness of both parties to work together for the country’s benefit.