To prepare future farmers for the challenges of sustainable farming in a changing climate, following measures can be taken-

1. Spreading geographic and strategic education to the farmers

Indian subcontinent is spread across different climatic condition and due to which available soil for farming also vary across different climatic condition. As for this differentia, soil’s fertility also vary. Some soils like alluvial, which is highly fertile supports most of the crop production. On the other hand, soils like arid soil, supports very few crops to grow, but due to high population pressure and demand for few specific crops force farmers to use chemical fertilizers to produce highly demanding crops irrespective of the climatic condition. For this reason many land are becoming barren due to excessive use of fertilizer. So by spreading proper education about the relation between climate and soil will benefit in maintaining overall sustainability of soils and in turn future farming.

2)Promotion of organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer

Due to the use of excessive chemical fertilizes, irrespective of climatic condition, most of the soils were becoming barren and no more cultivation of crops were possible. So promoting and use of manure or organic techniques of production will sustain soil’s fertility for future farming purposes and sustainability practice will prevail.

3)Educating about rainfall as well as monsoonal mechanism

Indian agricultural system till date mostly depends on rainfall for irrigation. Educating farmers about rainfall and factors which may affect rainfall which can disrupt irrigation will help farmers to take early precaution and cultivate crops accordingly to prevent a drought situation.

4)Promoting mixed cropping

Promotion of mixed cropping will prevent farmers from facing crop failure as well as cultivating two different types of crops which needs different amounts of soil nutrition will help in slow decay of soil nutrition and farmers will get a scope to recover soil nutrition after harvesting of there crops.

5)Educating farmers about the importance of nitrogen fixing bacteria

Bacteria like Rhizobium and plant nodules helps in nitrogen fixation which helps in maintaining soil fertility for future farming activities. Educating farmers about there crucial role and importance will be beneficial mitigating the challenges of sustainable farming in changing climate.