Homer’s The Iliad is a seminal work of Greek Literature. Set against the backdrop of the Trojan War, the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus is central to the epic – influencing the plot, themes, and narrative trajectory. Conversely, Madeline Miller’s The Song of Achilles is a modern novel, and is cited as a notable piece of contemporary literature. It particularly emphasizes the relationship between the heroes, and retells the myth of Achilles through this lens.
The Iliad approaches the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus with a degree of ambiguity, suggesting a refined and potentially platonic bond. Patroclus is depicted as Achilles’ closest friend and confidant. While there are displays of tenderness, Homer does not explicitly define their relationship. The epic primarily focuses on heroism, valor, and the martial nature of the Greek world, with their personal relationship serving more as ancillary to the war-centric narrative.
The Song of Achilles revisits and interprets the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus with a distinct focus. Miller openly explores their bond with a romantic and sexual dimension, providing detailed portrayals of their intimacy, and vividly describing their emotional connection and sensitivities.
This significant shift in interpretation reveals an evolution of literature, from a society that accentuates heroic ideals to one more invested in emotional complexities and nuanced relationships. Ancient Greek works may have explored relationships with ambiguity due to societal norms, while contemporary literature, with its greater acceptance of diverse sexual orientations, allows for more atypical displays.