Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya developed the ideology known as “Integral Humanism” (Ekatma Manavvad). This philosophy emerged as a response to the challenges posed by both Western capitalism and Soviet socialism. Integral Humanism emphasizes the holistic development of individuals, recognizing the importance of both material and spiritual well-being. It advocates for a society where economic progress aligns with ethical values and cultural roots, promoting self-reliance and social harmony. Upadhyaya’s vision aimed to create a just and equitable society by integrating modernity with tradition. This ideology has significantly influenced Indian political thought and is foundational to the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) principles.

The statement “Unless man’s economic needs are fulfilled, it is futile to expect cultural creativity from him” is attributed to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. This emphasizes the belief that economic stability is foundational for the flourishing of culture and creativity. Ambedkar argued that without meeting basic economic needs such as food, shelter, and security, individuals and communities struggle to focus on artistic and intellectual pursuits. He believed that addressing economic disparities is crucial for social progress and cultural development. Thus, economic empowerment is seen as a prerequisite for a vibrant cultural landscape, highlighting the interdependence between economic conditions and creative expression.

The credit for developing and expanding the concept of Development Administration primarily goes to Paul H. Appleby. In the mid-20th century, he emphasized the need for an administrative framework that could effectively implement development policies in newly independent nations. Appleby highlighted the importance of participatory governance, social equity, and efficient resource management in achieving developmental goals. His work laid the foundation for understanding how administrative practices can be aligned with developmental objectives, making a significant impact on public administration theories. Appleby’s insights continue to influence contemporary discussions on development and governance, emphasizing the role of effective administration in fostering sustainable growth.

Delegation refers to the process of assigning responsibility and authority from a higher level of management to a lower level. It allows managers to distribute tasks among team members, enabling them to focus on strategic decisions while empowering employees to take ownership of specific responsibilities. Effective delegation enhances efficiency, promotes skill development, and fosters trust within a team. It involves clear communication of expectations and accountability, ensuring that delegated tasks are completed successfully. Ultimately, delegation not only improves organizational productivity but also encourages personal growth and leadership skills among team members, leading to a more engaged workforce.

The determining factors of control in management include clear objectives, performance standards, measurement methods, and feedback mechanisms. First, well-defined objectives provide a benchmark for evaluating performance. Second, establishing performance standards helps in assessing whether the objectives are being met. Third, the methods of measurement, such as quantitative metrics or qualitative assessments, ensure accurate monitoring. Finally, effective feedback mechanisms facilitate timely adjustments and corrective actions. Additionally, organizational culture and communication processes also play a crucial role in how control is exercised. Together, these factors ensure that resources are used efficiently and goals are achieved effectively.