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What started out as a health crisis snowballed into a larger child rights crisis. In this context, discuss the efficacy of the role played by the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) in upholding child rights.
The performance of the Indian agriculture sector since independence has been mixed, with both positive and negative trends. Here’s an overview of the sector’s growth and the policies that have shaped it:
Early years (1947-1960s):
Self-sufficiency: The Indian government focused on achieving self-sufficiency in food production to reduce dependence on imports. The Green Revolution, led by Norman Borlaug, introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat, which significantly increased crop yields.
Cooperative farming: The government promoted cooperative farming to empower farmers and increase agricultural productivity.
Post-Green Revolution (1970s-1980s):
Continued growth: The sector continued to grow, with a focus on increasing foodgrain production and reducing poverty.
Irrigation development: The government invested in irrigation infrastructure to support agriculture.
Price support policies: The government implemented price support policies to stabilize farm prices and protect farmers from market fluctuations.
Reforms and challenges (1990s-2000s):
Liberalization and globalization: India’s economic liberalization led to increased competition and exposure to international markets.
Droughts and crop failures: Droughts in 1987, 1993, and 2002 led to crop failures, affecting agricultural production and income.
Farm debt crisis: Farmers’ debt burdens increased due to decreasing crop prices, leading to a crisis in the sector.
Recent developments (2010s-present):
Doubling Farmers’ Income: The Narendra Modi government launched the “Doubling Farmers’ Income” initiative to increase farmers’ income by 2022.
Digitalization and technology: The government has promoted digitalization and technology adoption in agriculture through initiatives like e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) and soil health cards.
Minimum Support Price (MSP): The government introduced MSP for various crops to ensure a minimum price guarantee for farmers.
Sir M. Visvesvaraya:
Water Engineering: Sir M. Visvesvaraya is considered the “Father of Modern Water Engineering in India”. He was a civil engineer and a statesman who played a key role in the development of water resources in India.
He designed and constructed several irrigation projects, including the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam, the first major dam in India, which helped to irrigate over 1 million acres of land.
He also designed the Mysore Sandur Dam, the Bhadra Dam, and the Tungabhadra Dam, which have helped to irrigate large areas of land and provide drinking water to cities.
He was instrumental in the establishment of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, which is one of the premier scientific institutions in India.
Benefits to India: Sir Visvesvaraya’s contributions to water engineering have had a significant impact on India’s agricultural sector and overall economic development.
His irrigation projects have enabled the cultivation of new crops, improved agricultural productivity, and increased food security.
His work has also helped to control floods, prevent droughts, and improve water management practices in India.
Dr. M. S. Swaminathan:
Agricultural Science: Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is a renowned geneticist and plant breeder who made significant contributions to agricultural science in India.
He developed high-yielding varieties of wheat, rice, and other crops that have helped to increase food production and improve food security in India.
He was instrumental in the development of the Green Revolution in India, which led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity and food production.
He was also involved in the establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), which is one of the premier research institutions in India.
Benefits to India: Dr. Swaminathan’s contributions to agricultural science have had a significant impact on India’s agricultural sector and overall economic development.
His high-yielding crop varieties have increased food production, reduced poverty, and improved nutrition for millions of Indians.
His work has also helped to improve the livelihoods of farmers, particularly small and marginal farmers, by providing them with better agricultural practices and technologies.
mppsc & uppsc